Numerical Investigation of Three-Dimensional Static and Dynamic Stall on a Finite Wing

Three-dimensional numerical computations using ONERA's structured elsA code and the unstructured DLR-TAU code are compared with the OA209 finite wing experiments in static stall and dynamic stall conditions at a Mach number of 0.16 and a Reynolds number of 1 × 10⁶. The DLR-TAU computations were run with the Spalart–Allmaras and Menter shear stress transport (SST) turbulence models, and the elsA computations were carried out using the Spalart–Allmaras and the k–ω Kok + SST turbulence models. Although comparable grids were used, the static simulations show large discrepancies in the stall region between the structured and unstructured approaches. Large differences for the three-dimensional dynamic stall case are obtained with the computations using the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model showing trailing edge separation only in contrast to the leading edge stall in the experiment. The three-dimensional dynamic stall computations with the two-equation turbulence models are in good agreement with the unsteady pressure measurements and flow field visualizations of the experiment, but also show a shift in the stall angle compared to the experiment. The analysis of the flow field around the finite wing using the numerical simulations reveals the evolution of the Ω-shaped vortex, generated by the interaction of the blade tip vortex.