Gender Differences in Deep Venous Thrombosis in a Rat Model: A Preliminary Study

The purpose of this study was to determine whether gender differences have an effect on inflammation and thrombosis in a rat model of venous thrombosis. A thrombus was created in mature female (n = 12) and male (n = 12) Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus) by ligating the inferior vena cava (IVC). The IVC containing the thrombus was harvested at 1 and 3 days postligation, weighed, measured, and submitted for immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, hematology was performed at selected time points. There were no statistically significant differences in thrombus mass (mean ± 1 standard deviation) between female and male rats at 1 (683 ± 47.7 × 10⁻⁴ versus 660 ± 112.0 × 10⁻⁴ g/cm) or 3 (683 ± 83.3 × 10⁻⁴ versus 580 ± 86.0 × 10⁻⁴ g/cm) days post-ligation. Females had significantly more platelets than did males on day 1 (741 ± 37.2 versus 523 ± 55.1 K/L, P < 0.01). Day 3 males showed significant increases in vein wall neutrophils (18.0 ± 2.30 versus 11.2 ± 1.38, P < 0.05), ED-1-positive monocytes (54.4 ± 16.0 versus 18.7 ± 5.63, P < 0.05), and circulating white blood cells (15.4 ± 0.947 × 10³ versus 10.9 ± 0.714 × 10⁻³/L, P < 0.01) at post-thrombosis when compared with females. We conclude that although female rats had greater thrombus mass, the male rats demonstrated more inflammatory cells in circulation and in their vein walls. This finding suggests that inflammation plays a role in thrombus resolution.