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Home / American Journal of Health Behavior, Volume 40, Number 5

Application of the Smokeless Tobacco Expectancies Questionnaire to Snus

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Objective: Measures of consumer perceptions of emerging tobacco products are needed for understanding the potential for product adoption and use. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the applicability of the Smokeless Tobacco Expectancies Questionnaire to snus, and examine its association with interest in using snus. Methods: We recruited 116 adolescents (14-17 years of age), 463 young adults (18-34 years of age), and 596 older adults (35-65 years of age) from a Web-based opt-in panel. Participants completed a 10-item Snus Expectancies Questionnaire and questions about their interest in trying snus in the next month. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported a latent factor structure representing Positive Reinforcement (PR) and Negative Health Consequences (NHC) within each age group. The scales differentiate smokers and smokeless tobacco users and nonusers. Each scale was associated with interest in purchasing snus for younger (PR: OR 1.90; NHC: OR 0.66) and older (PR: OR 1.36; NHC: OR 0.69) adults controlling for tobacco use status. Conclusions: The modified Smokeless Tobacco Expectancies Questionnaire is a valid measure of snus-related outcome expectancies, which are in turn, associated with self-reported tobacco use, and may help to identify groups who are susceptible to snus initiation and use.

Keywords: SMOKELESS TOBACCO EXPECTANCIES QUESTIONNAIRE; SNUS; TOBACCO USE

Document Type: Research Article

Affiliations: 1: Senior Research Associate, Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY;, Email: [email protected] 2: Assistant Professor, Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 3: Associate Professor, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 4: Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 5: Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 6: Professor, Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY

Publication date: 01 September 2016

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  • The American Journal of Health Behavior seeks to improve the quality of life through multidisciplinary health efforts in fostering a better understanding of the multidimensional nature of both individuals and social systems as they relate to health behaviors.

    The Journal aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of personal attributes, personality characteristics, behavior patterns, social structure, and processes on health maintenance, health restoration, and health improvement; to disseminate knowledge of holistic, multidisciplinary approaches to designing and implementing effective health programs; and to showcase health behavior analysis skills that have been proven to affect health improvement and recovery.

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