The Idea of the Civil State in Egypt: Its Evolution and Political Impact following the 2011 Revolution

The model of the "civil state" (dawla madaniyya) occupies a central place in the public debate over the character of Egypt following the January 25 Revolution of 2011. The demand to establish a civil state was ostensibly shared by all the political currents in Egypt. However, when these currents attempted to set out agreedupon guidelines for Egypt's future, it soon became clear that they were far from a consensus, and that defining the civil state was at the heart of the controversy. This article examines the roots of this concept in Western political philosophy, tracing its evolution in Egypt from its first appearance in the beginning of the 20^th century until the recent debate on its inclusion in Article 1 of the 2014 constitution.