
Clinical utility of target-based next-generation sequencing for drug-resistant TB
METHODS: A total of 161 samples from bacteriologically confirmed TB cases were subjected to tNGS using the Deeplex® Myc-TB kit and sequenced using the MiSeq platform. These samples were also processed for conventional phenotypic DST (pDST) using 13 drugs on Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube and line-probe assays (MTBDRplus and MTBDRsl).
RESULTS: There were 146 DR-TB and 15 drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB) samples. About 70% of patients with DR-TB had no previous TB treatment history. Overall, 88.2% had rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant TB (RR/MDR-TB), 58.5% pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) and 9.2% had XDR-TB as defined by the WHO (2020). Around 8% (n = 13) of samples were non-culturable; however, identified 8 were resistant to first and second-line drugs using tNGS. Resistance frequency was similar across methods, with discordance in drugs less reliable using pDST or with limited mutational representation within databases. Sensitivities were aligned with literature reports for most drugs. We observed 10% heteroresistance, while 75% of strains were of Lineages 2 and 3.
CONCLUSIONS: Programme data supported tNGS in the diagnosis of DR-TB for early treatment using individualised regimens.
Keywords: diagnosis; genome sequencing; tuberculosis
Document Type: Research Article
Affiliations: 1: Médecins Sans Frontières, Mumbai, India 2: Grant Medical College, Sir Jamshedjee Jeejebhoy Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India 3: National TB Elimination Programme, Mumbai, India 4: Southern Africa Medical Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa 5: Southern Africa Medical Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa, Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece 6: Independent Consultant, Infectious Disease Microbiologist, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
Publication date: January 1, 2023
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