Characters as fictional migrants: Atonement, adaptation and the screenplay process | Intellect Skip to content
1981
Volume 11, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 1759-7137
  • E-ISSN: 1759-7145

Abstract

The migration metaphor has been widely used in connection with media adaptions, but the metaphor has remained an abstract figure of speech. Yet, to understand characters as migrants who go through journeys of acculturation when they are adapted for the screen may enhance understanding of both the characters’ potential and problems that may arise during the development process. This article proposes that the development of characters and their processes – as fictional beings – can be understood through the use of models that describe real migrants’ adaptation processes. Using Christopher Hampton’s screenplay drafts for the film (2001), it outlines how such migratory journeys go hand in hand with screenwriters’ problem-solving processes. The article thus develops the idea that migrating characters, in their capacity as fictional beings and the thematic issues that they represent, both adapt to and appropriate their new media environments; simultaneously, they are appropriated by new creative forces and by the conventions of those new media environments, who in turn must adapt to the characters in this process of bi-directional acculturation.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/josc_00014_1
2020-03-01
2024-04-24
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Anon. ( 2010;), ‘ Production notes – Atonement. ’, Focusfeatures.com, 19 January, http://www.focusfeatures.com/article/production_notes___atonement. Accessed 10 December 2018.
  2. Atonement ( 2007), Christopher Hampton (wr.), Joe Wright (dir.) , UK:: Working Title Films;, 123 mins .
  3. Bauman, Zygmunt. ( 1996;), ‘ From pilgrim to tourist – or a short history of identity. ’, in S. Hall, and P. Du Gay. (eds), Questions of Cultural Identity, Thousand Oaks, CA:: Sage;, pp. 1836.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bortolotti, Gary R., and Hutcheon, Linda. ( 2007;), ‘ On the origin of adaptations: Rethinking fidelity discourse and “success” – biology. ’, New Literary History, 38:3, pp. 44358.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bourhis, Richard Y.,, Moise, Lena C.,, Perreault, Stephane, and Senecal, Sacha. ( 1997;), ‘ Towards an interactive acculturation model: A social psychological approach. ’, International Journal of Psychology, 32:6, pp. 36986.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Campbell, Joseph. ( [1949] 2008), The Hero with a Thousand Faces, , 3rd ed.., Novato, CA:: New World Library;.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Eco, Umberto. ( 2005), On Literature (trans. Martin, McLaughlin.), Orlando, FL:: Mariner Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Eder, Jens. ( 2010;), ‘ Understanding characters. ’, Projections, 4:1, pp. 1640.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Ellis, John. ( 1982;), ‘ The literary adaptation. ’, Screen, 23:1, pp. 35.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Epps, Jack. ( 2016), Screenwriting is Rewriting: The Art and Craft of Professional Revision, New York:: Bloomsbury;.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Field, Syd. ( 2005), Screenplay: The Foundations of Screenwriting, New York:: Dell;.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Hampton, Christopher. ( 2003), Atonement, 1st draft, annotated by Ian McEwan, Ian McEwan Papers, Container 19.10, Harry Ransom Center .
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hampton, Christopher. ( 2004a), Atonement, 2nd draft, annotated by Ian McEwan, Ian McEwan Papers, Container 20.1, Harry Ransom Center .
  14. Hampton, Christopher. ( 2004b), Atonement, 3rd draft, annotated by Ian McEwan, Ian McEwan Papers, Container 20.3, Harry Ransom Center .
  15. Hampton, Christopher. ( 2005), Atonement, 4th draft, annotated by Ian McEwan, Ian McEwan Papers, Container 20.4, Harry Ransom Center .
  16. Hampton, Christopher. ( 2006a), Atonement, 5th draft, annotated by Ian McEwan, Ian McEwan Papers, Container 20.5, Harry Ransom Center .
  17. Hampton, Christopher. ( 2006b), Atonement, 6th draft, annotated by Ian McEwan, Ian McEwan Papers, Container 20.6, Harry Ransom Center .
  18. Hampton, Christopher. ( 2007a), Atonement: The Shooting Script, New York:: Newmarket Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Hampton, Christopher. ( 2007b;), ‘ Atonement, so good I adapted it twice. ’, The Guardian, 10 August, https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/aug/10/atonementsogoodiadaptedittwice. Accessed 14 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Hampton, Christopher. ( 2007c;), ‘ Interview with Moira Macdonald. ’, The Seattle Times, 2 December, https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/movies/scriptwriter-takes-atonement-to-screen. Accessed 10 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Hampton, Christopher. ( 2007d;), ‘ Interview with Katey Rich. ’, Cinemablend, 6 December, https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Interview-Christopher-Hampton-Atonement-7115.html. Accessed 26 June 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Hampton, Christopher. ( 2007e;), ‘ Interview with Charles McGrath. ’, New York Times, 7 November, https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/06/arts/06iht-atone.1.8211347.html. Accessed 5 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Hampton, Christopher. ( 2007f;), ‘ Interview with Jay S. Jacobs. ’, Pop Entertainment, 7 December, http://www.popentertainment.com/hampton.htm. Accessed 14 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Hampton, Christopher. ( 2008;), ‘ Interview with Cole Moreton. ’, The Independent, 24 February, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/christopher-hampton-the-award-for-least-prepared-speech-goes-to-786428.html. Accessed 5 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Hampton, Christopher. ( 2010;), ‘ Screenwriters’ lecture. ’, Bafta Guru, 2 September, http://guru.bafta.org/christopher-hampton-screenwriters-lecture. Accessed 10 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. His Glorious Night ( 1929), Willard Mack (wr.), Lionel Barrymore (dir.) , USA:: MGM;, 80 mins .
  27. Hutcheon, Linda. ( 2006), A Theory of Adaptation, Abingdon:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Leitch, Thomas. ( 2013;), ‘ What movies want. ’, in J. Bruhn,, A. Gjelsvik, and E. Hanssen. (eds), Adaptation Studies: New Challenges, New Directions, London:: Bloomsbury;, pp. 15575.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Leitch, Thomas. ( 2017;), ‘ Against conclusions: Petit theories and adaptation studies. ’, in T. Leitch. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies, New York:: Oxford University Press;, pp. 698709.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Macdonald, Ian W.. ( 2013), Screenwriting Poetics and the Screen Idea, London:: Palgrave;.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. McEwan, Ian. ( n.d.), personal notebook, Ian McEwan Papers, Container 20.8, Harry Ransom Center .
  32. McEwan, Ian. ( 2001), Atonement, London:: Jonathan Cape;.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. McEwan, Ian. ( 2002;), ‘ The art of fiction 173: Ian McEwan. ’, interview with Adam Begley , The Paris Review, 44:162, https://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/393/ian-mcewan-the-art-of-fiction-no-173-ian-mcewan. Accessed 12 May 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. McEwan, Ian. ( 2007;), ‘ Interview with Jay S. Jacobs. ’, Pop Entertainment, 7 December, http://www.popentertainment.com/hampton.htm. Accessed 14 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Mitchell, William John Thomas. ( 2005), What Do Pictures Want: The Lives and Loves of Images, Chicago, IL:: University of Chicago Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Mumford, Michael D.,, Medeiros, Kelsey E., and Partlow, Paul J.. ( 2012;), ‘ Creative thinking: Processes, strategies, and knowledge. ’, The Journal of Creative Behavior, 46:1, pp. 3047.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Pasolini, Pier Paolo. ( 1988), Heretical Empiricism (trans. B. Lawton, and L. K. Barnett.), Bloomington, IN:: Indiana University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Phelan, James. ( 1989), Reading People, Reading Plots: Character, Progression, and the Interpretation of Narrative, Chicago, IL:: University of Chicago Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Pirsig, Robert. ( 1974), Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values, London:: Vintage Random House;.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Rancière, Jacques. ( 2004), The Politics of Aesthetics: The Distribution of the Sensible (trans. G. Rockhill.), London:: Continuum;.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Rushdie, Salman. ( 1991), Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism 1981–1991, London:: Granta Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Sanders, Julie. ( 2006), Adaptation and Appropriation, New York:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Sherry, Jamie. ( 2016;), ‘ Adaptation studies through screenwriting studies: Transitionality and the adapted screenplay. ’, Journal of Screenwriting, 7:1, pp. 1128.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Singin’ in the Rain ( 1952), Betty Comden and Adolph Green (wrs), Stanley Donen (dir.) , USA:: MGM;, 103 mins .
  45. Ting-Toomey, Stella, and Chung, Leeva C.. ( 2012), Understanding Intercultural Communication, Oxford:: Oxford University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Ward, Colleen A.,, Bochner, Stephen, and Furnham, Adrian. ( 2005), The Psychology of Culture Shock, Abingdon:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Wright, Joe. ( 2007;), ‘ Interview with Rob Carnevale. ’, Indielondon, http://www.indielondon.co.uk/Film-Review/atonement-joe-wright-interview. Accessed 14 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Wright, Joe. ( 2008), Atonement: Director’s Commentary, DVD, Sweden:: Universal Pictures Nordic;.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Hermansson, Joakim. ( 2020;), ‘ Characters as fictional migrants: Atonement, adaptation and the screenplay process. ’, Journal of Screenwriting, 11:1, pp. 8197, doi: https://doi.org/10.1386/josc_00014_1
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1386/josc_00014_1
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error