An exploration into online singing and mindfulness during the COVID-19 pandemic for people with anxiety and/or depression

References

1. Abel, K. M.,, Ford, T.,, Hatch, S.,, Hope, H.,, Hotopf, M.,, John, A.,, Kontopantelis, E.,, McManus, S.,, Pierce, M.,, Webb, R., and Wessely, S.. ( 2020;), ‘ Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal sample survey of the UK population. ’, The Lancet, 7:10, pp. 883–92.
   [Google Scholar]
2. Adler, A.. ( 2014;), ‘ Conducting pantless: Exploring internet communication technologies to rehearse choirs at a distance. ’, The Phenomenon of Singing, 9, pp. 1–11.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Avidor, S.,, Bergman, Y.,, Bodner, E.,, Cohen-Fridel, S.,, Hoffman, Y.,, Keisari, S.,, Palgi, Y.,, Ring, L., and Shira, A.. ( 2020;), ‘ The loneliness pandemic: Loneliness and other concomitants of depression, anxiety and their comorbidity during the COVID-19 outbreak. ’, Journal of Affective Disorders, 275, pp. 109–11.
   [Google Scholar]
4. Avis, M.,, Arthur, A., and Lee, L. L.. ( 2008;), ‘ Using self-efficacy theory to develop interventions that help older people overcome psychological barriers to physical activity: A discussion paper. ’, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45:11, pp. 1690–99.
   [Google Scholar]
5. Baker, F. A.,, Ballantyne, J.,, Brander, C., and Dingle, G. A.. ( 2012;), ‘ “To be heard”: The social and mental health benefits of choir singing for disadvantaged adults. ’, Psychology of Music, 41:4, pp. 405–21.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Barnes, V. A.,, Crawford, M. W.,, Harden, K., and Jerath, R.. ( 2015;), ‘ Self-regulation of breathing as a primary treatment for anxiety. ’, Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 40:2, pp. 107–15.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Barrett, M.,, Mayan, M.,, Morse, J. M.,, Olson, K., and Spiers, J.. ( 2002;), ‘ Verification strategies for establishing reliability and validity in qualitative research. ’, International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 1:2, pp. 13–22.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Bekkers, M. J.,, Gallacher, J.,, Gelante, I., and Gelante, J.. ( 2014;), ‘ Effect of kindness-based meditation on health and wellbeing: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ’, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82:6, pp. 1101–14.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Bergardi, L.,, Codrons, E.,, de Barbieri, G.,, Mason, H.,, Ugargo, V., and Vandoni, M.. ( 2013;), ‘ Cardiovascular and respiratory effect of yogic slow breathing in the yoga beginner: What is the best approach?. ’, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, pp. 743504–07.
   [Google Scholar]
10. Berger, B. G., and Motl, R. W.. ( 2000;), ‘ Exercise and mood: A selective review and synthesis of research employing the profile of mood states. ’, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 12:1, pp. 69–92.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Berlowitz, D. J.,, Tamplin, J.,, Loveridge, B.,, Clarke, K., and Li, Y.. ( 2019;), ‘ Development and feasibility testing of an online virtual reality platform for delivering therapeutic group singing interventions for people living with spinal chord injury. ’, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 26:6, pp. 365–75.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Bohlmeijer, E. T.,, Pots, W. T. M., and Spijkerman, M. P. J.. ( 2016;), ‘ Effectiveness of online mindfulness-based interventions in improving mental health: A review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. ’, Clinical Psychology Review, 45, pp. 102–14.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Bonghard, S.,, Grebe, D.,, Hodapp, V.,, Kreutz, G., and Rohrmann, S.. ( 2004;), ‘ The effects of choir singing or listening on secretory immunoglobulin A, cortisol and emotional state. ’, Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 27:6, pp. 623–35.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Brooks, S. K.,, Smith, L. E., and Webster, R. K.. ( 2020;), ‘ The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. ’, The Lancet, 395:10227, pp. 912–20.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Camlin D. A.,, Daffren H.,, Egermann H.,, Gully A. J.,, Kearny G.,, Neale C., and Rees-Jones J.. ( 2018;), ‘ Exploring the potential of virtual reality technology to investigate the health and wellbeing benefits of group singing. ’, International Journal of Performance Arts and Digital Media, 15:1, pp. 1–22.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Carot, A.,, Rebelo, P., and Remaud, A.. ( 2007;), ‘ Networked music performance: State of the art. ’, Audio Engineering Society Conference: 30th International Conference: Intelligent Audio Environments, Audio Engineering Society, 15–17 March, Saariselka, Finland.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Castaldelli-Maia, J. M.,, O’Higgins, M.,, Torales, J., and Ventriglio, A.. ( 2020;), ‘ The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. ’, International Journal of Social Psychology, 66:4, pp. 317–20.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Cavanagh, K.,, Cicconi, F.,, Griffiths, N.,, Jones, F.,, Strauss, C., and Wyper, A.. ( 2013;), ‘ A randomised controlled trial of a brief online mindfulness-based intervention. ’, Behaviour Research & Therapy, 51:9, pp. 573–78.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Chee, C. Y. I.,, Ho, C. S. H., and Ho, R. C. M.. ( 2020;), ‘ Mental health strategies to combat the psychological impact of COVID-19 beyond paranoia and panic. ’, ANNALS Academy of Medicine Singapore, 49:3, pp. 155–60.
    [Google Scholar]
20. Chen, S.,, Lavan, N.,, McGettigan, C., and Scott, S. K.. ( 2014;), ‘ The social life of laughter. ’, Trends in Cognitive Science, 18:12, pp. 618–20.
    [Google Scholar]
21. Clark, V. L. P.,, Creswell, J. W.,, Creswell, J. D.,, Hanson, W. E., and Petska, S. S.. ( 2005;), ‘ Mixed methods research designs in counseling psychology. ’, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52:2, pp. 224–35.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Clark, L. A.,, Mineka, S., and Watson, D.. ( 1994;), ‘ Temperament, personality and the mood and anxiety disorders. ’, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103:1, pp. 103–16.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Clift, S., and Hancox, G.. ( 2001;), ‘ The perceived benefits of singing: Findings from the preliminary surveys of a University College Choral Society. ’, The Journal of the Royal Society of the Promotion of Health, 121:4, pp. 248–56.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Clift, S., and Morrison, I.. ( 2011;), ‘ Group singing fosters mental health and wellbeing: Findings from the East Kent Singing for Health Network project. ’, Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 15:2, pp. 88–97.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Corvo, E., and De Caro, W.. ( 2020;), ‘ COVID-19 and spontaneous singing to decrease loneliness, improve cohesion and mental wellbeing: An Italian experience. ’, Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 12:51, pp. S247–48.
    [Google Scholar]
26. Crane, C.,, Dagleish, T.,, Dunning, D. L.,, Foulkes, L.,, Griffiths, K.,, Kuyken, W., and Parker, J.. ( 2019;), ‘ Research review: The effects of mindfulness-based interventions on cognition and mental health in children and adolescents – A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ’, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60:3, pp. 244–58.
    [Google Scholar]
27. Creswell, J. W., and Wisdom, J.. ( 2013), Mixed Methods: Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis While Studying Patient-Centred Medical Home Models, Rockville, MD:: Agency for Healthcare, Research and Quality;.
    [Google Scholar]
28. Cruwys, T.,, Dingle, G. A.,, Haslam, A.,, Haslam, C., and Jetten, J.. ( 2014;), ‘ Depression and social identity: An integrative review. ’, Personality and Social Psychology Review, 18:3, pp. 215–38.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Czajkowski, A. M. L., and Greazley, A. E.. ( 2015;), ‘ Mindfulness for singers: The effects of a targeted mindfulness course on learning vocal technique. ’, British Journal of Music Education, 32:2, pp. 211–33.
    [Google Scholar]
30. Davis, D. M., and Hayes, J. A.. ( 2011;), ‘ What are the benefits of mindfulness? A practice review of psychotherapy-related research. ’, Psychology, 48:2, pp. 198–208.
    [Google Scholar]
31. Daykin, N.,, Mansfield, L.,, Meads, C.,, Julier, G.,, Tomlinson, A.,, Payne, A.,, Grigsby Duffy, L.,, Lane, J.,, D’Innocenzo, G.,, Burnett, A.,, Kay, T.,, Dolan, P.,, Testoni, S., and Victor, C.. ( 2017;), ‘ What works for wellbeing? A systematic review of wellbeing outcomes for music and singing in adults. ’, Perspectives in Public Health, 138:1, pp. 39–46.
    [Google Scholar]
32. Daykin, N.. ( 2020), Arts, Health and Wellbeing: A Critical Perspective on Research, Policy and Practice, Abingdon:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
33. Deci, E. L., and Ryan, R. M.. ( 2001;), ‘ On happiness and human potential: A review of research on hedonic and eudainomic wellbeing. ’, Annual Review of Psychology, 52:1, pp. 141–66.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Dunbar, R. I. M.,, Launay, J., and Pearce, E.. ( 2015;), ‘ The ice-breaker effect: Singing mediates fast social bonding. ’, Royal Society Open Science, 2:10, p. 150221.
    [Google Scholar]
35. Etkin, A.. ( 2010;), ‘ Functional neuroanatomy of anxiety: A neural circuit perspective. ’, Current Topics in Behavioural Neuroscience, 2:2, pp. 251–77.
    [Google Scholar]
36. Fancourt, D.,, Carvalho, L. A.,, Dow, R.,, Lewis, I.,, Steptoe, A., and Wialliamon, A.. ( 2016;), ‘ Singing modulates mood, stress, cortisol, cytokine and neuropeptide activity in cancer patients and carers. ’, ecancermedicalscience, 10:631, pp. 1–13.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Finlay, L.. ( 2015), Relational Integrative Psychotherapy, Engaging Process and Theory in Practice, Hoboken:: Wiley-Blackwell;.
    [Google Scholar]
38. Fiorillo, A., and Gorwood, P.. ( 2020;), ‘ The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and implications for clinical practice. ’, European Psychiatry 63:1, e32.
    [Google Scholar]
39. Friedman, M. J.. ( 2013;), ‘ Trauma and stressor-related disorders. ’, in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, , 5th ed.., Arlington, VA:: American Psychiatric Association;, pp. 265–90.
    [Google Scholar]
40. Gabrieli, J. D. E.,, Gross, J. J.,, McRae, K.,, Ochsner, K. N.,, Remy, K. A., and Silvers, J. A.. ( 2012;), ‘ Age-related differences in emotional reactivity, regulation and rejection in adolescence. ’, Emotion, 12:6, pp. 1235–47.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Gaskill, R. L., and Perry, B. D.. ( 2014;), ‘ The neurobiological power of play: Using the neurosequential model of therapeutics to guide play in the healing process. ’, in C. A. Malchiodi, and D. A. Crenshaw. (eds), Creative Arts and Play Therapy for Attachment Problems, New York:: Guilford Press;, pp. 178–94.
    [Google Scholar]
42. Gilbert, P.. ( 2014;), ‘ The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. ’, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53:1, pp. 6–41.
    [Google Scholar]
43. Halari, R.,, Simic, M.,, Pariante, C. M.,, Papadopoulos, A.,, Cleare, A.,, Brammer, M.,, Fombonne, E., and Rubia, K.. ( 2009;), ‘ Reduced activation in lateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate during attention and cognitive control functions in medication-naïve adolescents with depression compared to controls. ’, The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50:3, pp. 307–16.
    [Google Scholar]
44. Kabat-Zin, J.. ( 1982;), ‘ An outpatient program in behavioural medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results. ’, General Hospital Psychiatry, 4:1, pp. 33–47.
    [Google Scholar]
45. Kabat-Zin, J.. ( 1990), Full Catastrophe Living: Using Wisdom of Your Mind to Face Stress, Pain and Illness, New York:: Dell;.
    [Google Scholar]
46. Kahneman, D.,, Diener, E., and Scwarz, N.. (eds) ( 1999), Wellbeing: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, New York:: Russell Sage Foundation;.
    [Google Scholar]
47. Keyes, C. L. M.. ( 2002;), ‘ The mental health continuum: The languishing to flourishing in life. ’, Journal of Health & Social Behaviour, 43:2, pp. 207–22.
    [Google Scholar]
48. Lemieux, F.. ( 2014;), ‘ The impact of a natural disaster on altruistic behaviour and crime. ’, Disasters, 38:3, pp. 483–99.
    [Google Scholar]
49. Lieberman, M. D., and Torre, J. B.. ( 2018;), ‘ Putting feelings into words: Affect labelling as implicit emotion regulation. ’, Emotion Review, 10:2, pp. 116–24.
    [Google Scholar]
50. Lynch, J.,, Moss, H., and O’Donoghue, J.. ( 2017;), ‘ Exploring the perceived health benefits of singing in a choir: An international cross-sectional mixed methods study. ’, Perspectives in Public Health, 138:3, pp. 160–68.
    [Google Scholar]
51. Mertens, D. M.. ( 2010;), ‘ Mixed methods teaching: The transformative paradigm as illustration. ’, International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, 4:1, pp. 9–18.
    [Google Scholar]
52. Morgan, D. L.. ( 2007;), ‘ Paradigms lost and pragmatism regained: Methodological implications of combining qualitative and quantitative methods. ’, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1:11, pp. 48–76.
    [Google Scholar]
53. Ortiz, R., and Sibinga, E. M.. ( 2017;), ‘ The role of mindfulness in reducing the adverse effects of childhood stress and trauma. ’, Children, 4:3, p. 16.
    [Google Scholar]
54. Panksepp, J., and Biven, L.. ( 2012), The Archaeology of Mind: Neuroevolutionary Origins of Human Emotion, New York:: W. W. Norton & Company;.
    [Google Scholar]
55. Perkins, R.,, Fancourt, D.,, Baxter, L.,, Mason-Berttrand, A., and Williamon, A.. ( 2020;), ‘ How participatory music engagement supports mental wellbeing: A meta-ethnography. ’, Qualitative Health Research, 30:12, pp. 1924–40.
    [Google Scholar]
56. Porges, S. W.. ( 2009;), ‘ The Polyvagal Theory: New insights into adaptive reactions of the autonomic nervous system. ’, Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 76:4 (suppl 2), pp. 86–90.
    [Google Scholar]
57. Porges, S. W.. ( 2011), The Polyvagal Theory, Neurophysiology Foundations of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, Self-Regulation, New York and London:: W. W. Norton & Company;.
    [Google Scholar]
58. Rajkumar, R. P.. ( 2020;), ‘ COVID-19 and mental health: A review of existing literature. ’, Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, p. 102066.
    [Google Scholar]
59. Schön, D. A.. ( 1983), The Reflective Practitioner: Professionals Think in Action, New York:: Basic Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
60. Tadman, J.,, Van der Bergh, O.,, Van Diest, I., and Vlemincx, E.. ( 2010;), ‘ Take a deep breath: The relief effect of spontaneous and instructed sighs. ’, Physiology and Behaviour, 101:1, pp. 67–73.
    [Google Scholar]
61. Thurmond, V. A.. ( 2004;), ‘ The point of triangulation. ’, Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33:3, p. 253258.
    [Google Scholar]
62. Tinbergen, N.. ( 1951), The Study of Instinct, Oxford:: Clarendon Press and Oxford University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
63. Van Goethen, A., and Sloboda, J.. ( 2011;), ‘ The functions of music for affect regulation. ’, Musical Scientiae, 15:2, pp. 208–28.
    [Google Scholar]
64. Vickhoff, B.,, Astrom, R.,, Ekstrom, S. R.,, Engwell, M.,, Jornsten, R.,, Malmgren, H.,, Nilsson, M., and Snygg, J.. ( 2013;), ‘ Music structure determines heart rate variability of singers. ’, Frontiers in Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience, 4:334, pp. 1–16.
    [Google Scholar]
65. Vindegaard, N., and Eriksen Benos, M.. ( 2020;), ‘ The COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence. ’, Brain, Behaviour, and Immunity, 89, pp. 531–42.
    [Google Scholar]
66. Williams, E.,, Dingle, G. A., and Clift, S.. ( 2018;), ‘ A systematic review of mental health and wellbeing outcomes of group singing for adults with a mental health disorder. ’, European Journal of Public Health, 28:6, pp. 1035–42.
    [Google Scholar]
67. Foulkes, Emily. ( 2021;), ‘ An exploration into online singing and mindfulness during the COVID-19 pandemic for people with anxiety and/or depression. ’, International Journal of Community Music, 14:2&3, pp. 295–310, https://doi.org/10.1386/ijcm_00049_1
    [Google Scholar]