Designing for active engagement, enabling resilience and fostering environmental change | Intellect Skip to content
1981
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Journal of Design, Business & Society
  4. Volume 6, Issue 1
  5. Article
Volume 6, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 2055-2106
  • E-ISSN: 2055-2114
file format pdf download PDF

Abstract

Contemporary societies are distancing themselves from nature, driven by urbanization, biodiversity loss, connection loss, industrialization and loss of green space access – all reducing our empathy for nature. Conservation and grassroots reporting highlight nature’s wellbeing, and require impactful citizen-led responses. Youth leaders are reflecting mirrors on humankind, stating that ‘our world is on fire’ and demanding action. Natural world interactions provide health benefits and resilience, proving transformative to our attitude, values and behaviour. The My Naturewatch project facilitates engagements with people’s environments and, in doing so, helps them to comprehend them. Nature observations help connect, engage and foster custodians, at a time where separation from wildlife necessitates active engagement. Activities specifically challenge our understanding of ‘designed engagement(s)’, not as passive activities but as impactful active engagements, openly accessible. This article proposes criteria encouraging public participation within the natural world, presenting value to NGOs, designers, funders and agents. Thirty experts from design, ecology, conservation, museology, engagement, rewilding, wildlife and community work were interviewed, informing ‘design for environmental change through active engagement’. The work identifies design’s role in creating interventions that better engage people with the surrounding natural world, yielding long-term mutual benefits. The objective is to foster active public–nature engagement, identifying barriers, opportunities and pitfalls in nature-engaged interaction(s).

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • EPSRC (Award EP/P006353/1)
© 2020 Intellect Ltd
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The CC BY licence permits commercial and non-commerical reuse.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/dbs_00004_1
2020-03-01
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/dbs/6/1/dbs.6.1.43.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1386/dbs_00004_1&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Althoff, T.,, White, R. W., and Horvitz, E.. ( 2016;), ‘ Influence of Pokémon Go on physical activity: Study and implications. ’, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18:12, p. e315.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Aunger, R., and Curtis, V.. ( 2016;), ‘ Behaviour centred design: Towards an applied science of behaviour change. ’, Health Psychology Review, 10:4, pp. 425–46.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Barry, C.. ( 2009;), ‘ The environment/society disconnect: An overview of a concept tetrad of environment. ’, The Journal of Environmental Education, 41:2, pp. 116–32.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Bates, C.. ( 2016;), ‘ When foot-and-mouth disease stopped the UK in its tracks. ’, BBC, 13 February, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-35581830. Accessed 4 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. BBC ( 2013;), ‘ Birdsong phone apps “harmful” to birds, say Dorset experts. ’, 12 June, BBC, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-dorset-22863383. Accessed 12 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. BBC ( 2016;), ‘ Strictly wins close ratings battle with Planet Earth II and I’m a Celebrity. ’, BBC, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-37972922. Accessed 12 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. BBC ( 2018a;), ‘ Blue Planet II tops 2017 TV ratings. ’, BBC, 10 January, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-42641146. Accessed 12 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. BBC ( 2018b;), ‘ Weather watchers. ’, BBC, 12 November, https://www.bbc.co.uk/weatherwatchers/. Accessed 12 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Binnendijk, A.. ( 1996;), ‘ Performance monitoring and evaluation TIPS. ’, USAID Center for Development Information and Evaluation, 2, http://www.pointk.org/resources/node/636. Accessed 20 April 2020.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Bird, W.. ( 2007), Natural Thinking: A Report by Dr. William Bird, for the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB): Investigating the Links between the Natural Environment, Biodiversity and Mental Health, Reading:: RSPB;.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Birdnote ( 2018;), ‘ A wave of bird alarm calls can travel at 100 miles per hour. ’, 16 July, Audubon, https://www.audubon.org/news/a-wave-bird-alarm-calls-can-travel-100-miles-hour. Accessed 14 September 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. British Ecological Society ( 2018), Securing Our Natural Environment for Future Generations, a Joint Meeting of the BES and UK Conservation Agencies, Manchester:: Britishecologicalsociety.org;.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Brownell, K. D.,, Farley, T.,, Willett, W. C.,, Popkin, B. M.,, Chaloupka, F. J.,, Thompson, J. W., and Ludwig, D. S.. ( 2009), The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, New Haven, CT:: Pubmed;.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Buckley, R.. ( 2009;), ‘ Parks and tourism. ’, PLoS Biology, 7:6, p. e1000143.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Buckley, R., and Pannell, J.. ( 1990;), ‘ Environmental impacts of tourism and recreation in national parks and conservation reserves. ’, Journal of Tourism Studies, 1:1, pp. 24–32.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Burns, F.,, Eaton, M.,, Gregory, R.,, AL Fulaij, N.,, August, T.,, Biggs, J.,, Bladwell, S.,, Brereton, T.,, Brooks, D., and Clubbe, C.. ( 2013), State of Nature, Bristol:: The State of Nature Partnership;.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Butterfly Conservation Trust ( 2018;), ‘ Sussex butterfly conservation’s “beginners” guide to mothing. ’, Butterfly Conservation Trust, 13 September, http://www.sussex-butterflies.org.uk/species/moths/mothing%20guide.html. Accessed 21 October 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Chamberlain, A.,, Crabtree, A.,, Rodden, T.,, Jones, M., and Rogers, Y.. ( 2012;), ‘ Research in the wild: Understanding “in the wild” approaches to design and development. ’, in Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference, New York:: ACM;, pp. 795–96.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Chipchase, J.. ( 2018), The Field Study Handbook, , 1st ed.., San Francisco, CA:: Field Institute;.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Coates. ( 2019;), ‘ Forest Schools can benefit children’s development. ’, Loughborough University, July, https://www.lboro.ac.uk/media-centre/press-releases/2017/october/study-reveals-forest-school-benefits/. Accessed 31 July 2019.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Cocker, M.. ( 2018), Our Place: Can We Save Britain’s Wildlife before It Is Too Late?, , 1st ed.., New York:: Random House;.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Colley, A.,, Thebault-Spieker, J.,, Lin, A. Y.,, Degraen, D.,, Fischman, B.,, Häkkilä, J.,, Kuehl, K.,, Nisi, V.,, Nunes, N. J.,, Wenig, N., and Wenig, D.. ( 2017;), ‘ The geography of Pokémon GO: Beneficial and problematic effects on places and movement. ’, in Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, May, New York:: ACM;, pp. 1179–92.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Cornell, J.. ( 2017), Deep Nature Play: A Guide to Wholeness, Aliveness, Creativity, and Inspired Learning, , 1st ed.., New York:: Crystal Clarity Publishers;.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Cox, D. T.,, Shanahan, D. F.,, Hudson, H. L.,, Fuller, R. A., and Gaston, K. J.. ( 2018;), ‘ The impact of urbanisation on nature dose and the implications for human health. ’, Landscape and Urban Planning, 179, pp. 72–80.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Cressey, D.. ( 2008;), ‘ Sonar does affect whales, military report confirms. ’, Nature, 10, https://www.nature.com/news/2008/080801/full/news.2008.997.html. Accessed 27 November 2019.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Dean, T., and Grant, N.. ( 2011;), ' Flip-flopsam and jetsam: A study examining the agency, values and narratives embodied in materials and artefacts. ', https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/publications/flip-flopsam-and-jetsam-a-study-examining-the-agency-values-and-n. Accessed 20 April 2020.
  27. DEFRA ( 2004;), ‘ Foot and mouth disease, animal health and welfare: FMD data archive. ’, Defra, http://footandmouth.fera.defra.gov.uk/. Accessed 24 March 2014.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Department of Agriculture, Environment & Rural Affairs ( 2018;), ‘ Buying imported firewood - help stop the spread of plant pests and diseases. ’, The Department of Agriculture, Environment & Rural Affairs, 14 October, https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/articles/buying-imported-firewood-help-stop-spread-plant-pests-and-diseases. Accessed 12 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Department of History ( 2018;), ‘ Salisbury plain army training estate, Wiltshire. ’, University of Bristol, 14 October, http://www.bristol.ac.uk/history/militarylandscapes/sites/britain/salisbury/. Accessed 13 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Design Council ( 2017), Designing a Future Economy: Developing Design Skills for Productivity and Innovation, London:: The Design Council;.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Dong, H.,, Keates, S., and Clarkson, P. J.. ( 2004;), ‘ Inclusive design in industry: Barriers, drivers and the business case. ’, in C. Stary, and C. Stephanidis. (eds), ERCIM Workshop on User Interfaces for All, Berlin:: Springer;, pp. 305–19.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Furness, H.. ( 2013;), ‘ “Bloated” ducks in danger after over-indulging on white bread. ’, The Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/9783928/Bloated-ducks-in-danger-after-over-indulging-on-white-bread.html. Accessed 4 July 2013.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Gaukel Andrews, C.. ( 2012;), ‘ Smartphone apps pinpoint wildlife sightings in yellowstone, but is that a good idea?. ’, Good Nature Travel: The Official Travel Blog of Natural Habitat Adventures, 10 July, https://www.nathab.com/blog/smartphone-apps-pinpoint-wildlife-sightings-in-yellowstone-but-is-that-a-good-idea/. Accessed 27 November 2019.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Gaver, W.. ( 2012;), ‘ What should we expect from research through design?. ’, in Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Austin, TX, May, New York:: ACM;, pp. 937–46.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Gaver, W.,, Boucher, A.,, Vanis, M.,, Sheen, A.,, Brown, D.,, Ovalle, L.,, Matsuda, N.,, Abbas-Nazari, A., and Phillips, R.. ( 2019;), ‘ My naturewatch camera: Disseminating practice research with a cheap and easy DIY design. ’, in Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Austin,TX, May, New York:: ACM;, p. 302.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Goldbogen, J. A.,, Southall, B. L.,, DeRuiter, S. L.,, Calambokidis, J.,, Friedlaender, A. S.,, Hazen, E. L.,, Falcone, E. A.,, Schorr, G. S.,, Douglas, A.,, Moretti, D. J.,, Kyburg, C.,, McKenna, M. F., and Tyack, P. L.. ( 2013;), ‘ Blue whales respond to simulated mid-frequency military sonar. ’, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 280:1765.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Gonzalez, R.. ( 2013;), ‘ Birdsong app called chirp! angers conservationists. ’, HuffPost, 21 July, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/birdsong-app-chirp_n_3632773?guccounter=1. Accessed 27 November 2019.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. GOV.UK ( 2019;), ‘ Plastic bag sales in “big seven” supermarkets down 86% since 5p charge. ’, 27 July, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/plastic-bag-sales-in-big-seven-supermarkets-down-86-since-5p-charge. Accessed 27 July 2019.
  39. Grooten, M., and Almond, R. E. A.. (eds) ( 2018), Living Planet Report – 2018: Aiming Higher, Gland:: WWF International;.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. G rund, J., and Brock, A.. ( 2019;), ‘ Why we should empty Pandora’s box to create a sustainable future: Hope, sustainability and its implications for education. ’, Sustainability, 11:3, p. 893.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Guiney, M. S., and Oberhauser, K. S.. ( 2009;), ‘ Conservation volunteers’ connection to nature. ’, Ecopsychology, 1:4, pp. 187–97.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Hackalay, M.. ( 2018;), ‘ How many citizen scientists in the world?. ’, Wordpress, 7 October, https://povesham.wordpress.com/2018/10/05/how-many-citizen-scientists-in-the-world/. Accessed 12 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Hancock, T., and Bezold, C.. ( 1994;), ‘ Possible futures, preferable futures. ’, The Healthcare Forum Journal, 37:2, pp. 23–29.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Hayhow, D.,, Burns, F.,, Eaton, M.,, Al Fulaij, N.,, August, T.,, Babey, L.,, Bacon, L.,, Bingham, C.,, Boswell, J., and Boughey, K.. ( 2016), State of Nature 2016, Bristol:: The State of Nature Partnership;.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Heller, S., and Vienne, V.. ( 2003), Citizen Designer: Perspectives on Design Responsibility, , 2nd ed.., New York:: Skyhorse Publishing Inc;.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Higgins, L.. ( 2018;), ‘ City nature challenge 2018 results. ’, INaturalist, https://www.inaturalist.org/posts/16268-city-nature-challenge-2018-results. Accessed 16 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. HM Government ( 2012), The Natural Choice: What the Environmental White Paper Means for You, London:: Defra;.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Hobson, S.. ( 2018;), ‘ Warzone wildlife, army ranges on Salisbury plain are England’s greatest hidden wilderness. ’, BBC Wildlife Magazine, 1:1, pp. 28–29.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Jones, K.,, Murakami, A.,, Groves, A.. and Studio Swine ( 2011), Sea Chair, https://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/id/eprint/6086/. Accessed 20 April 2020.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Jordan, R. C.,, Gray, S. A.,, Howe, D. V.,, Brooks, W. R., and Ehrenfeld, J. G.. ( 2011;), ‘ Knowledge gain and behavioral change in citizen-science programs. ’, Conservation Biology, 25:6, p. 1148.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Juniper, T.. ( 2013), What Has Nature Ever Done for Us?: How Money Really Does Grow on Trees, , 1st ed.., Bristol:: Profile Books;.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Kals, E.,, Schumacher, D., and Montada, L.. ( 1999;), ‘ Emotional affinity toward nature as a motivational basis to protect nature. ’, Environment and Behavior, 31:2, pp. 178–202.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Koskinen, I.,, Zimmerman, J.,, Binder, T.,, Redstrom, J., and Wensveen, S.. ( 2011), Design Research through Practice: From the Lab, Field, and Showroom, , 1st ed.., Shanghai:: Elsevier;.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Kuchler-Krishun, J.,, Nurnberg, M.,, Schell, C.,, Erdmann, K.-H., and Wilhelm Mues, A.. ( 2015), 2015 Nature Awareness Survey: Population Survey on Nature and Biological Diversity, Berlin:: Federal Ministry for The Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB);.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Kuznetsov, S., and Paulos, E.. ( 2010;), ‘ Rise of the expert amateur: DIY projects, communities, and cultures. ’, in Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries, Reykjavik, October, New York:: ACM;, pp. 295–304.
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Laville, S.,, Noor,. P., and Walker A.. ( 2019;), ‘ “It is our future”: Children call time on climate inaction in UK. ’, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/15/children-climate-inaction-protests-uk. Accessed 15 February 2019.
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Law Commission, Reforming the Law ( 2012), Wildlife: Law Regulating Wildlife, London:: Ministry of Justice;.
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Lilley, D.. ( 2007;), ‘ Designing for behavioural change: Reducing the social impacts of product use through design. ’, Ph.D. thesis, Loughborough:: University of Loughborough;.
     [Google Scholar]
  59. London Stationary Office ( 2003), Ragwort Control Act 2003 CHAPTER 40, , 2nd ed.., London:: The Stationery Office Limited;.
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Louv, R.. ( 2019), Our Wild Calling: How Connecting with Animals Can Transform Our Lives – and Save Theirs, New York:: Algonquin Books;.
     [Google Scholar]
  61. Lumber, R.,, Richardson, M., and Sheffield, D.. ( 2017;), ‘ Beyond knowing nature: Contact, emotion, compassion, meaning, and beauty are pathways to nature connection. ’, PloS One, 12:5, p. e0177186.
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Maas, J.,, Van Dillen, S. M.,, Verheij, R. A., and Groenewegen, P. P.. ( 2009;), ‘ Social contacts as a possible mechanism behind the relation between green space and health. ’, Health & Place, 15:2, pp. 586–95.
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Manzini, E.. ( 2019), Politics of the Everyday, , 1st ed.., New York:: Bloomsbury Visual Arts;.
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Mao, J.,, Vredenburg, K.,, Smith, P. W., and Carey, T.. ( 2005;), ‘ The state of user-centered design practice. ’, Communications of the ACM, 48:3, pp. 105–09.
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Mears, R., and Mcnutt, B.. ( 2002), Essential Bushcraft, , 1st ed.., London:: Hodder & Stoughton London;.
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Merchant, C.. ( 2006;), ‘ The scientific revolution and the death of nature. ’, Isis, 97:3, pp. 513–33.
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Miller, J. R.. ( 2005;), ‘ Biodiversity conservation and the extinction of experience. ’, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 20:8, pp. 430–34.
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Monroe, M. C.. ( 2003;), ‘ Two avenues for encouraging conservation behaviors. ’, Human Ecology Review, 10:2, pp. 113–25.
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Moss, S. M.. ( 2012), Natural Childhood, , 1st ed.., London:: National Trust London;.
     [Google Scholar]
  70. The National Trust ( 2018;), ‘ 50 things to do before you’re 11 ¾. ’, 12 November, https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/50-things-to-do. Accessed 14 November 2018.
  71. Natural England ( 2010;), ‘ Monitor of engagement with the natural environment. ’, Annual Report from the 2013–14 Survey, Sheffield:: Natural England;, p. 11.
     [Google Scholar]
  72. Nikon, A.. ( 2018;), ‘ Common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea). ’, Urban Butterfly Garden, 5 October, http://urbanbutterflygarden.co.uk/common-ragwort-senecio-jacobaea. Accessed 3 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  73. Nilsson, K.,, Sangster, M.,, Gallis, C.,, Hartig, T.,, De Vries, S.,, Seeland, K., and Schipperijn, J.. (eds) ( 2010), Forests, Trees and Human Health, Berlin:: Springer Science & Business Media;.
     [Google Scholar]
  74. Nordbakke, S.. ( 2019;), ‘ Children’s out-of-home leisure activities: Changes during the last decade in Norway. ’, Children’s Geographies, 17:3, pp. 347–60.
     [Google Scholar]
  75. Packham. C.,, Barkham P., and Macfarlane R.. ( 2018), A Peoples Manifesto for Wildlife, Sheffield:: Packham, C;.
     [Google Scholar]
  76. Phillips, R., and Kau, K.. ( 2019;), ‘ Gaming for active nature engagement animal diplomacy bureau: Designing games to engage and create player agency in urban nature. ’, The Design Journal, 22, pp. 1587–602.
     [Google Scholar]
  77. PokemonGo ( 2018;), ‘ Pokemon Go. ’, 21 November, https://www.pokemon.com/uk/pokemon-video-games/pokemon-go/. Accessed 21 November 2018.
  78. Quitmeyer, A.. ( 2017;), ‘ Digital naturalist design guidelines: Theory, investigation, development, and evaluation of a computational media framework to support ethological exploration. ’, in Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity and Cognition, Singapore, June, New York:: ACM;, pp. 184–96.
     [Google Scholar]
  79. Richardson, M.,, Hussain, Z., and Griffiths, M. D.. ( 2018;), ‘ Problematic smartphone use, nature connectedness, and anxiety. ’, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7:1, pp. 109–16.
     [Google Scholar]
  80. Robinson, R. A.,, Lawson, B.,, Toms, M. P.,, Peck, K. M.,, Kirkwood, J. K.,, Chantrey, J.,, Clatworthy, I. R.,, Evans, A. D.,, Hughes, L. A., and Hutchinson, O. C.. ( 2010;), ‘ Emerging infectious disease leads to rapid population declines of common British birds. ’, PLoS One, 5:8, p. e12215.
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Roy, H. E.,, Popcock, M. J. O.,, Preston, C. D.,, Roy, D. B., and Savage, J.. ( 2012), Understanding Citizen Science and Environmental Monitoring, London:: Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council;.
     [Google Scholar]
  82. RSPB ( 2011;), ‘ Photographers found guilty of rare eagle disturbance on Mull. ’, RSPB, http://www.rspb.org.uk/news/298372-photographers-found-guilty-of-rare-eagle-disturbance-on-mull. Accessed 22 February 2014.
     [Google Scholar]
  83. RSPB ( 2013;), ‘ Mallard, overpopulation. ’, RSPB, http://www.rspb.org.uk/wildlife/birdguide/name/m/mallard/overpopulation.aspx. Accessed 4 July 2013.
     [Google Scholar]
  84. RSPB ( 2014;), ‘ Disease among garden birds. ’, RSPB, http://www.rspb.org.uk/advice/helpingbirds/disease/disease-garden-birds.aspx. Accessed 2 April 2014.
     [Google Scholar]
  85. RSPB ( 2018;), ‘ Wild sleepout events. ’, RSPB, 6 September, https://www.rspb.org.uk/fun-and-learning/for-families/big-wild-sleepout/. Accessed 3 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  86. RSPCA ( 2013;), ‘ Chinese (sky) lanterns, evidence of their danger. ’, RSPCA, http://www.rspca.org.uk/allaboutanimals/helpandadvice/litter/chineselanterns. Accessed 7 July 2013.
     [Google Scholar]
  87. Schultz, P. W.. ( 2002;), ‘ Inclusion with nature: The psychology of human-nature relations. ’, in P. W. Schultz. (ed.), Psychology of Sustainable Development, Boston, MA:: Springer;, pp. 61–78.
     [Google Scholar]
  88. Shepherd, J.. ( 2017;), ‘ David Attenborough: 15 of the naturalist’s best quotes. ’, The Independent, 8 May, https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/david-attenborough-best-quotes-birthday-a7724216.html. Accessed 12 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  89. Shin, K. L. F.,, Colwill, J., and Young, R.. ( 2015;), ‘ Expanding the scope of LCA to include “societal value”: A framework and methodology for assessing positive product impacts. ’, Procedia CIRP, 29, pp. 366–71.
     [Google Scholar]
  90. Skelton, N.. ( 2018;), ‘ Imber: Discover Wiltshire’s lost village. ’, Imber Village, 10 September, http://www.imbervillage.co.uk/. Accessed 4 October 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  91. Soga, M., and Gaston, K. J.. ( 2018;), ‘ Shifting baseline syndrome: Causes, consequences, and implications. ’, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 16:4, pp. 222–30.
     [Google Scholar]
  92. Sterling, S.. ( 2001), Sustainable Education: Re-Visioning Learning and Change: Schumacher Briefings, , 1st ed.., Bristol:: Green Books;.
     [Google Scholar]
  93. Stoudemire, K.. ( 2018;), ‘ Wonder connection programming provides patients with joy, increases patients’ science knowledge, and acts as an inspiration for their futures. ’, Wonder Connection, 19 August, http://www.wonderconnection.org/staff/. Accessed 13 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  94. Sukhdev, P.. ( 2018;), ‘ What is natural capital? Natural capital can be defined as the world’s stocks of natural assets, which include geology, soil, air, water and all living things. ’, World Forum on Natural Capital, 13 October, https://naturalcapitalforum.com/about/. Accessed 5 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  95. Synenergene ( 2014;), ‘ BIO·FICTION science art film festival 2014. ’, Synenergene, 23 October, https://www.synenergene.eu/sites/default/files/uploads/SynenergeneNewsletter01-biofiction.pdf. Accessed 12 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  96. Tateno, M.,, Skokauskas, N.,, Kato, T. A.,, Teo, A. R., and Guerrero, A. P.. ( 2016;), ‘ New game software (Pokémon Go) may help youth with severe social withdrawal, hikikomori. ’, Psychiatry Research, 246:1, p. 848.
     [Google Scholar]
  97. Uggla, Y., and Olausson. U.. ( 2012;), ‘ The enrolment of nature in tourist information: Framing urban nature as “the other”. ’, Environmental Communication, 7:1, pp. 97–112.
     [Google Scholar]
  98. Von Hippel, E.. ( 2005;), ‘ Democratizing innovation: The evolving phenomenon of user innovation. ’, Journal für Betriebswirtschaft, 55:1, pp. 63–78.
     [Google Scholar]
  99. The Wildlife Trusts ( 2018a;), ‘ 30 days wild. ’, The Wildlife Trusts, 1 July, https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/30DaysWild. Accessed 13 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  100. The Wildlife Trusts ( 2018b;), ‘ From 30 days wild, to everyday wild. ’, The Wildlife Trusts, 6 November, https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/30DaysWild. Accessed 5 December 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  101. World Horse Welfare ( 2018;), ‘ Ragwort. ’, World Horse Welfare, 13 September, https://www.worldhorsewelfare.org/ragwort?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIp8iMldDn3QIVr7ftCh35QAz6EAAYASAAEgL9AvD_BwE. Accessed 4 November 2018.
     [Google Scholar]
  102. Phillips, Robert,, Abbas-Nazari, Amina,, Tooze, James, and Gant, Nick. ( 2020;), ‘ Designing for active engagement, enabling resilience and fostering environmental change. ’, Journal of Design, Business & Society, 6:1, pp. 43–70, doi: https://doi.org/10.1386/dbs_00004_1
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1386/dbs_00004_1
Loading
Designing for active engagement, enabling resilience and fostering environmental change
Journal of Design, Business & Society 6, 43 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1386/dbs_00004_1
/content/journals/10.1386/dbs_00004_1
/content/journals/10.1386/dbs_00004_1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Article
Keyword(s): community conservation; design for active engagement; design for environmental change; nature; social responsibility; sustainability

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error