Coconut (Cocos Nucifera L.) Pollen Cryopreservation

BACKGROUND: Coconut genetic resources are threatened by pests and pathogens, natural hazards and human activities. Cryopreservation is the only method allowing the safe and cost-effective long-term conservation of recalcitrant seed species such as coconut. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to test the effect of cryopreservation and of cryostorage duration on coconut pollen germination and fertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pollen of two coconut varieties (West Coast Tall WCT and Chowghat Orange Dwarf COD ) was collected in March-May over three successive years, desiccated to 7.5% moisture content (FW) and cryopreserved by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen . RESULTS: Germination and pollen tube length (PTL) of desiccated and cryopreserved pollen were not significantly different for both WCT and COD over the three harvest months of the three consecutive years of study. Pollen germination ranged from 24 to 32% in desiccated pollen whereas it was between 26 and 29% in cryopreserved COD pollen. In the case of WCT, germination ranged from 30 to 31% in desiccated pollen, while it was between 28 and 32% in cryopreserved pollen. PTL of cryopreserved pollen ranged between 224-390 m and 226-396 m for COD and WCT, respectively. Germination of COD pollen varied between 29.0 and 44.1% after 4 years and 1.0/1.5 years cryostorage, respectively. Germination of WCT pollen did not change significantly between 0 and 6 years cryostorage, being comprised between 32 (24 h) and 40% (1.5 years). Germination and vigour of cryopreserved pollen were generally higher compared to that of pollen dried in oven and non-cryopreserved. Normal seed set was observed in COD and WCT palms using pollen cryostored for 6 months and 4 years. Cryopreserved pollen of five Tall and five Dwarf accessions displayed 24-31% and 25-49% germination, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results show that it is now possible to establish pollen cryobanks to contribute to coconut germplasm long-term conservation.