Development, characterisation and applications of ultrasonic transducers for NDT

The ultrasonic non-destructive testing technique continues to spread its wings covering new materials, different test conditions, different testing techniques and higher accuracy, sensitivity and reliability. This usually results in the demand of a new type of transducer. The development of ultrasonic transducers in India started with the indigenous production of piezoelectric ceramics in early 60s. This article gives a report on the course followed by transducer development including methods of characterisation.