Cell Viability, Adhesion and Function of RAW 264.7 Macrophages on Fluorinated Xerogel-Derived Nitric Oxide Permeable Membrane for the Application of Cellular Sensing

Organically modified xerogels have an advantage over gas sensing applications due to their open, rigid structure and hydrophobicity. Here we evaluated the biocompatibility of xerogel-derived nitric oxide (NO) permeable membranes modified with fluorinated functional groups for application in cellular sensing by growing RAW 264.7 macrophages on them. We examined the cell viability, adhesion and growth of RAW 264.7 macrophages on NO permselective membrane and other cell-adhesive matrices, poly L-lysine and collagen. The surface roughness of each membrane was obtained from topographic atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. In addition, we measured the level of NO release of RAW 264.7 macrophages by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation using a Griess assay to confirm the function of cells. The fluorinated xerogel-derived membrane had a very smooth surface with rms roughness 2.1 Å and did not show cytotoxic effects in RAW 264.7 macrophages. As a result, the morphology and function of adhering RAW 264.7 macrophage showed no differences from those of other cell-adhesive membranes. Finally, we successfully detected NO release in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by LPS, using a planar-type xerogel-derived NO sensor. Therefore, we suggest that fluorinated xerogel-derived membrane could be used as both a NO permeable and cell-adhesive membrane for cellular sensing applications.