Hierarchical Zeolite Beta: An Efficient and Eco-Friendly Nanocatalyst for the Friedel–Crafts Acylation of Toluene

P-Methyacetophenone, the acylated product of toluene finds a wide range of applications in the flavors and fragrance industry. It is typically produced on an industrial scale by Friedel–Crafts acylation of toluene with acetic anhydride using homogeneous, corrosive and polluting acid catalysts such as aluminium chloride. The pollution problems related to this process such as the disposal of catalyst and treatment of acidic effluent needs to be replaced by a green process. The current work reports on the activity of hierarchical zeolite Beta in the liquid phase acylation of toluene with acetic anhydride. The liquid phase reactions were carried out in the temperature range of 60–140 °C in an autoclave. The effect of various reaction parameters such as time-on-stream (TOS), mole ratio of reactants, catalyst loading, and reaction temperature on the rates of reaction has been investigated. Under the optimum reaction conditions the performance of hierarchical zeolite Beta was compared with nanocrystalline zeolite Beta. It was found that hierarchical zeolite Beta catalyst exhibit higher activity, which is due to the hierarchical porosity and to the nano size of the Beta zeolite catalyst particles allows faster diffusion of the products out of the catalyst.