Recent Attempts to Design New Super- and Ultrahard Solids Leads to Nano-Sized and Nano-Structured Materials and Coatings
A brief overview of recent attempts to design new super- and ultrahard materials, which are based on the assumption that materials with high elastic moduli should be super- or ultrahard, is presented in order to show that meeting this condition is not sufficient. Instead, electronic
and structural stability upon a finite, relatively large shear strain at atomic level is necessary to avoid structural transformations to softer phases or even a collapse of the structure. We discuss several examples where very high hardness of >70 GPa has been obtained due to the nano-sized
and nano-structured effects. Superhard nano-sized and/or nano-structured ("nanocomposites") materials can be prepared either by limited diffusion or by spinodal phase segregation during their synthesis. The advantages of the latter mentioned approach is the formation of a stable nanostructure
with strong interfaces, that avoids grain boundary shear and concomitant softening when the crystallite size decreases below about 10–20 nm. In such a way, hardness enhancement by a factor of 4 to 5 has been achieved. We shall show that nc-TiN/a-Si3N4 nanocomposites
can achieve hardness in excess of 100 GPa when properly designed, and prepared with low density of flaws and impurities. The paper finishes with a short overview of industrial applications of the nanocomposites as wear protection coatings on tools for machining.
Keywords: APPLICATIONS; ELASTIC MODULI; NANOCOMPOSITES; SUPERHARD; ULTRAHARD
Document Type: Review Article
Publication date: 01 January 2011
- Journal for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (JNN) is an international and multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal with a wide-ranging coverage, consolidating research activities in all areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology into a single and unique reference source. JNN is the first cross-disciplinary journal to publish original full research articles, rapid communications of important new scientific and technological findings, timely state-of-the-art reviews with author's photo and short biography, and current research news encompassing the fundamental and applied research in all disciplines of science, engineering and medicine.
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