Concentration Effect on Tuning of Block Copolymer-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

Synthesis of gold nanoparticles has been examined using triblock copolymer Pluronic P85 (EO₂₆PO₃₉EO₂₆) at different concentrations as a function of hydrogen tetrachloroaureate (III) hydrate (HAuCl₄·3H₂O) in aqueous solution. The concentration of P85 block copolymer was varied from 0.5 to 2 wt% at fixed temperature (30 °C) in presence of HAuCl₄·3H₂O in the range of 0.002 to 0.2 wt% for each P85 concentration. The surface plasmon resonance in the time-dependent UV-visible spectra reveals that increase in the block copolymer concentration increases the yield of the gold nanoparticles but decreases their stability. Both small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) show that the number density of block copolymer micelles increase almost linearly with the concentration, which is related to result in higher numbers of nucleation centers and therefore increase in the yield of gold nanoparticles. The fact that increase in the number density of nanoparticles also increases the chances of aggregation and this tends to decrease the stability at higher block copolymer concentration. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images confirm the larger sizes of the nanoparticles formed in these systems at higher concentrations.