Molecular Logic Gates Based on Localized DNA Strand Displacement

Performing logic computation with DNA material provides an excellent approach to realize the miniaturization of electronic circuit components. Due to the low speed of species diffusion and unexpected molecular collision, more attention has been focused on localized DNA strand displacement, wherein DNA components are tethered to a molecular substrate, such as canvas board constructed by SST (single-stranded tile) and DNA origami. In the localized DNA strand displacement, output signals from the upper cascade can trigger the next cascade reactions, which enables the fabricating of complicated digital circuits. Based on two kinds of reversible and irreversible DNA strand displacement reactions, this paper introduces a novel method for constructing localized basic gates, together with a propagation XOR gate. The spatially isolated DNA components are demonstrated to be efficient in the extended DSD software.