Grounding Considerations for DC and Mixed DC and AC Power Systems

This paper treats ground faults in mixed DC and AC systems. Grounding methods affect common‐mode voltage and circulating currents under normal conditions. Ground faults produce fault currents and systemwide offsets throughout the system with respect to ground. During ground fault transients, the aggregate bus‐to‐ground ground capacitance and inductance produce underdamped oscillatory overvoltages. Continuous operation under DC or AC offset affects component selection.