Adult Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired antibody-mediated disease, for which splenectomy remains a curative treatment. We analyzed histology and phenotypes of ITP-splenectomy specimens from 41 adult patients, with different previous ITP-specific treatments, including B-cell–depleting
rituximab (RTX) or not, in an attempt to predict splenectomy success or failure on the basis of day 56 postoperative platelet counts. RTX-naive ITP-spleen samples, compared with those from a 20-patient control trauma cohort, contained the following nonspecific, ITP-evocative, white-pulp lesions:
follicular helper T-cell (programmed death-1+ and inducible T-cell COStimulator+) expansion in reactive follicles (P=0.01 and 0.03, respectively) and regulatory T-cell (FOXP3+) expansion in the T-cell zone (P=0.049). On comparing ITP-splenectomy
samples that would be successful with those that would be failures, only marginal zone hyperplasia differed (P=0.017). Indeed, 13/21 (61.9%) successful splenectomy samples exhibited marginal zone hyperplasia, as opposed to 1/9 (11.1%) failed splenectomy specimens. RTX impact on ITP-splenectomy
samples was characterized by white-pulp (P=0.03) and marginal zone atrophies (P=0.01), and periarteriolar T-cell–zone hyperplasia (P<0.0001). The results of this novel comparative study of the histologic patterns of 41 ITP patients’ evocative splenic lesions
enabled clear description of different ITP morphologies and phenotypes, as a function of prior treatment and splenectomy success or failure.
Keywords: immune thrombocytopenia; immunochemistry; rituximab; spleen pathology; splenectomy
Document Type: Research Article
Affiliations: 1: Pathology Department, Medical School 2: Medical School, Internal Medicine Department, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, University Hospital Center of Bordeaux, INSERM U1034 3: Medical School, INSERM U1034 4: Medical School, Intensive Care Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac 5: Pathology Department, Medical School, Bariton Unit, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Publication date: 01 March 2018
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