@article {Chen:1998:0196-9722:625, title = "CO-STATES, CONSTRAINTS, AND DIAGRAMMATIC REASONING", journal = "Cybernetics and Systems", parent_itemid = "infobike://tandf/ucbs", publishercode ="tandf", year = "1998", volume = "29", number = "6", publication date ="1998-09-01T00:00:00", pages = "625-633", itemtype = "ARTICLE", issn = "0196-9722", eissn = "1087-6553", url = "https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/ucbs/1998/00000029/00000006/art00005", doi = "doi:10.1080/019697298125551", author = "Chen, Z.", abstract = "State space search is the most fundamental concept in artificial intelligence AI. In this paper we examine the notion of co-state for problem solving. To understand the rationale of this extension, we describe two applications which employ the co-state concept, namely, expert system explanation and detective story analysis. We also argue how co-states can be related to the studies of constraints and diagrammatic reasoning.", }