@article {Le:2013:0954-0105:457,
title = "Development and validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection of multi-residues of five quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides in animal feeds",
journal = "Food and Agricultural Immunology",
parent_itemid = "infobike://tandf/cfai",
publishercode ="tandf",
year = "2013",
volume = "24",
number = "4",
publication date ="2013-12-01T00:00:00",
pages = "457-466",
itemtype = "ARTICLE",
issn = "0954-0105",
eissn = "1465-3443",
url = "https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/cfai/2013/00000024/00000004/art00008",
doi = "doi:10.1080/09540105.2012.716024",
keyword = "animal feed, polyclonal antibody, ciELISA, HPLC, quinoaxlines",
author = "Le and Xu and He and Niu and Chen and Jia",
abstract = "In this study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of five quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides (olaquindox, carbadox, mequindox, quinocetone and cyadox) in porcine and chicken feeds. Polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) with group-specificity
to quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides were raised in rabbits after immunization with quinoaxline-2-carboxylic acid-para-aminobenzoic-bovine serum albumin conjugate (QCA-PABA-BSA). The specificity of anti-sera was determined by competitive indirect ELISA (ciELISA), and the 50% inhibitions (IC50)
of quinocetone (QCT), cyadox (CYA), carbadox (CBX), mequindox (MEQ) and olaquindox (OLA) were 8.6, 13.1, 17.3, 24.5 and 26.4 ng ml1, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) for the QCT, CYA, CBX, MEQ and OLA were as low as 0.41, 0.59, 0.67, 0.80 and 0.86 ng g1,
respectively. On the basis of PAb's strong cross-reactivity to QCT (100%), CYA (49.9%), CBX (66.2%), MEQ (35.3%) and OLA (32.8%), no cross-reactivity was found with other antibiotics, indicating that the assay displayed not only high-sensitivity but also high-specificity. When used to analyse
animal feed samples, acceptable recovery rates of 71.692.9% and coefficients of variation of 4.110.8% were obtained. The ciELISA for 10 spiked samples was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a high correlation coefficient of 0.9959 (n=10). Therefore,
the optimised ciELISA may be a potential analytical tool for monitoring quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide residues in animal feed.",
}