@article {Dixon:2011:2156-5287:179,
title = "Systematic Review: The Clinical Effectiveness of Physiological (Expectant) Management of the Third Stage of Labor Following a Physiological Labor and Birth",
journal = "International Journal of Childbirth",
parent_itemid = "infobike://springer/ijc",
publishercode ="springer",
year = "2011",
volume = "1",
number = "3",
publication date ="2011-09-01T00:00:00",
pages = "179-195",
itemtype = "ARTICLE",
issn = "2156-5287",
eissn = "2156-5295",
url = "https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/springer/ijc/2011/00000001/00000003/art00005",
doi = "doi:10.1891/2156-5287.1.3.179",
keyword = "SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE, BLOOD LOSS, RETAINED PLACENTA, PHYSIOLOGICAL BIRTH, PHYSIOLOGICAL THIRD STAGE OF LABOR",
author = "Dixon, Lesley and Fullerton, Judith T. and Begley, Cecily and Kennedy, Holly Powell and Guilliland, Karen",
abstract = "BACKGROUND: The aim of this review was to establish the clinical effectiveness of physiological third-stage care following a physiological labor and birth.METHODS: Seven databases and 9 journals were searched over a 25-year period resulting in the review of 38 papers. Of these,
34 papers were excluded because they included women who had received intervention during labor or birth; only 4 papers met the inclusion criteria. A research protocol and quality assessment were guided by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD, 2008) and the meta-analysis of observational
studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines for observational studies (Stroup et al., 2000). Studies were included if they described outcomes of care for women who had a physiological labor and birth and received expectant (physiological) care during the third stage of labor.RESULTS: Two
randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 2 observational studies involving well, healthy women in high-income countries provided outcome information on a total of 35,455 participants and their third-stage outcomes. Results found little difference in mean blood loss between expectant third-stage
care and active management (range 200361 ml), no difference in maternal hemoglobin postnatal (when reported), and no increase in postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) when physiological care was provided.KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: A physiological third stage of labor can
be supported for women when there has been a physiological labor and birth, and the woman is well and healthy.",
}