Retinoid receptor mRNA expression profiles in human bladder cancer specimens
Retinoids, which include vitamin A (retinol) and its derivatives, have previously been investigated as potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in bladder cancer. We examined mRNA expression of the retinoid receptors RARα, RARβ2, RARγ and RXRα, as
well as two putative RARβ2 target genes, DAB2 and Midkine, in normal and malignant bladder tissue specimens from human patients. We evaluated 24 normal and malignant bladder specimens for retinoid receptor, DAB2 and Midkine mRNA expression using RT-PCR. We also examined the effects of
retinoic acid and retinol on the expression of these genes in five human bladder cancer cell lines. Expression of RARα, RARβ2, RARγ and RXRα mRNA was detected in all of the non-neoplastic patient bladder specimens. RARβ2 mRNA expression was undetectable in 7/13
tumors, RARα in 3/13, RARγ in 1/13 and RXRα in 2/13. DAB2 mRNA was expressed in all non-neoplastic and all tumor specimens, while Midkine mRNA was detected in 8/11 non-neoplastic specimens versus 11/13 tumors. Two of the five bladder cancer cell lines expressed RARβ2
independent of retinoid exposure; in three cell lines RARβ2 expression was induced by retinoids. RARα, RARγ and RXRα mRNA expression was detected in 5/5 cell lines, independent of retinoid exposure. We found a reduction in retinoid receptor mRNA expression, particularly
for RARβ2, in human bladder cancer specimens. We also demonstrated induction of RARβ2 mRNA expression in some of the retinoid-treated bladder cancer cell lines. We suggest that restoration of RARβ2 expression may be a reasonable biomarker for developing bladder cancer preventive
and/or therapeutic drugs.
Document Type: Research Article
Affiliations: Department of Urology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill-Cornell Medical Center, USA
Publication date: 01 April 2005
- The International Journal of Oncology provides an international forum for the publication of the latest, cutting-edge research in the broad area of oncology and cancer treatment. The journal accepts original high quality works and reviews on all aspects of oncology research including carcinogenesis, metastasis, epidemiology, chemotherapy and viral oncology. Through fair and efficient peer review, the journal is dedicated to publishing top tier research in the field, offering authors rapid publication as well as high standards of copy-editing and production. The International Journal of Oncology is published on a monthly basis in both print and early online.
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