@article {Frewer:2013:1107-3756:1097,
title = "Potential implication of IL-24 in lymphangiogenesis of human breast cancer",
journal = "International Journal of Molecular Medicine",
parent_itemid = "infobike://sp/ijmm",
publishercode ="sp",
year = "2013",
volume = "31",
number = "5",
publication date ="2013-01-01T00:00:00",
pages = "1097-1104",
itemtype = "ARTICLE",
issn = "1107-3756",
eissn = "1791-244X",
url = "https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/sp/ijmm/2013/00000031/00000005/art00012",
doi = "doi:10.3892/ijmm.2013.1319",
author = "Frewer and Ye and Sun and Owen and Ji and Frewer and Hargest and Jiang",
abstract = "Lymphangiogenesis is involved in the dissemination of malignant cells from solid tumours to regional lymph nodes and possibly to various distant sites. Lymphangiogenesis is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D. Interleukin (IL)-24 is known as a cytokine
with potent antitumour and tumour-suppressive activity which functions through its receptor (IL-22R). Expression of IL-24 has been shown to be reduced in breast cancer, and the reduced expression is associated with lymphatic metastases and a poor prognosis. However, the involvement of IL-24
in lymphangiogenesis during lymphatic metastasis remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is an association between IL-24, IL-22R and lymphangiogenic factors and markers in breast cancer. Analysis of IL-24, IL-22R and lymphangiogenic factors in malignant
breast tissue samples (n=127) revealed a correlation between increased expression of lymphangiogenic markers (podoplanin, Prox-1 and LYVE-1) and reduced levels of IL-24 and IL-22R. Samples stained with a high degree of positivity for lymphangiogenic factors and markers whereas staining for
IL-24 was weak. Invitro assays showed that the average perimeter length of microtubules formed by endothelial cells treated with IL-24 was significantly reduced compared to the control. The growth of endothelial cells was significantly reduced when exposed to a high concentration of
IL-24 (250ng/ml). Treatment of HECV cells with IL-24 resulted in significantly reduced expression of VEGF-C(P<0.05) and VEGF-D (P<0.001). In conclusion, reduced expression of IL-24 and IL-22R in breast cancer is correlated with increased expression of specific lymphangiogenic
markers. IL-24 suppressed invitro growth and microtubule formation of endothelial cells. IL-24 may downregulate the expression of lymphangiogenic markers and factors although further research is required. This suggests that IL-24 plays a profound role in suppressing tumour lymphangiogenesis,
thereby, reducing the likelihood of cancer metastasis via the lymphatic route.",
}