Perceptions and Utilization of Strength Training and Conditioning in Collegiate Contemporary and Ballet Dancers: A Qualitative Approach

AIMS: Research demonstrates that dancers benefit from reduced injury risk and improved health by engaging in strength training and conditioning (STC). Historic bias within the discipline of dance, however, establishes a long-standing stigma that gains in muscle mass and strength lessen a dancer's aesthetic appearance, and thus many dancers rebuff STC as a supplement to dance training. However, there is growing evidence that dancers and dance educators are beginning to understand the importance of additional resistance training and cardiovascular conditioning. This study explored dancers' perceptions and utilization of STC using a general qualitative approach. METHODS: Twenty-three female collegiate dancers (13 contemporary dancers, 10 ballet dancers, mean age 19.95 x 0.97 yrs) volunteered to participate in this study. The principal investigator conducted individual, semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: Inductive analysis revealed three major themes: 1) evolving body image, 2) motivation, and 3) education. Trustworthiness was established using member checks, peer debriefing, and journaling. This study concluded collegiate dancers utilized STC as a means to enhance the individual's body image. This was driven by a continuum of motivating factors. Although collegiate dancers are utilizing STC, education on STC techniques and practices was minimal. CONCLUSIONS: While further research is needed, results from this study suggest STC could be initiated and promoted in the discipline of dance to further enhance physical fitness and general well-being. Dancers and dance instructors should receive education about the importance of STC within dance training as well as how to safely implement STC exercise into training regimens.