Industrial Ecology for Sustainable Communities

Industrial ecology is a promising approach that planners can use to create more sustainable communities. This paper examines the scientific basis and planning implications of industrial ecology, which models urban systems on natural systems to increase efficiency and to reduce resource consumption and disposal. A case study of a successful eco-industrial system in Kalundborg, Denmark, demonstrates ways in which industrial ecology can promote key principles of sustainability. We conclude with lessons and directions for the role of planning in industrial ecology.