@article {Hong:2018:1087-3244:100,
title = "Subjective Social Status and Unhealthy Behaviors among South Korean Adults",
journal = "American Journal of Health Behavior",
parent_itemid = "infobike://png/ajhb",
publishercode ="png",
year = "2018",
volume = "42",
number = "5",
publication date ="2018-09-01T00:00:00",
pages = "100-116",
itemtype = "ARTICLE",
issn = "1087-3244",
eissn = "1945-7359",
url = "https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/png/ajhb/2018/00000042/00000005/art00009",
doi = "doi:10.5993/AJHB.42.5.9",
keyword = "health behaviors, subjective social status",
author = "Hong, Jihyung",
abstract = "
Objective
This study was an exploration of the associations between socioeconomic status (SES), particularly subjective social status (SSS), and unhealthy behaviors among South Korean adults. 
Methods
Data were taken from the 2013 Korea Health Panel survey
data. SSS was measured using the MacArthur scale. Overweight/obesity was defined as body mass index of 25. Other behaviors were assessed using closed questions. Sex-stratified logistic regression analyses were conducted with 10,482 respondents (N = 6875 for nonadherence), including SSS,
conventional socioeconomic measures and demographics. 
Results
A pattern of SSS gradients in unhealthy behaviors, except for medication nonadherence, were observed among women, but they were statistically significant only for current smoking and physical inactivity. Such
patterns were rarely observed among men, except for current smoking. Education-related inequalities also were found in overweight/obesity and current smoking for both sexes, but with an inverse gradient in overweight/obesity for men. An independent role of income was limited only to physical
inactivity among women. 
Conclusion
These findings highlight stronger socioeconomic gradients in unhealthy behaviors for women than for men in South Korea. SSS, together with education, may have greater implications than income in understanding unhealthy behaviors. A multifaceted
approach is needed to understand the relationships more fully.",
}