@article {Meltzer:2020:1088-5412:265,
title = "Deposition characteristics of a novel intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride plus fluticasone propionate in an anatomic model of the human nasal cavity",
journal = "Allergy and Asthma Proceedings",
parent_itemid = "infobike://ocean/aap",
publishercode ="ocean",
year = "2020",
volume = "41",
number = "4",
publication date ="2020-07-01T00:00:00",
pages = "265-270",
itemtype = "ARTICLE",
issn = "1088-5412",
eissn = "1539-6304",
url = "https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ocean/aap/2020/00000041/00000004/art00007",
doi = "doi:10.2500/aap.2020.41.200028",
keyword = "intranasal steroid, intranasal antihistamine, anatomic model, fluticasone, nasal spray, azelastine, nasal deposition, turbinates, nasal cavity, allergic rhinitis",
author = "Meltzer, Eli O. and Bachert, Claus and Mayer, Michael J. and Kopietz, Ferdinand and Koltun, Arkady and Maus, Joachim and D'Addio, Alexander D.",
abstract = "
Background:
Intranasal antihistamines and steroids should be delivered in a volume and with a technique that allow for optimal drug retention within the entire nasal cavity, maximize local absorption by the nasal mucosa, and, subsequently, increase the potential for the most
desirable local availability and therapeutic effect. 
Objective:
This in vitro evaluation simulated nasal medication deposition and evaluated the extent of runoff. MP-AzeFlu, a novel intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride (AZE) plus fluticasone propionate (FP),
was compared with sequential sprays of available commercial products with the individual medication components. 
Methods:
A model of a normal adult human nasal cavity was used to visualize deposition of nasal spray products. A single spray of MP-AzeFlu (0.137 mL [137 g
of AZE/50 g of FP]) or single sequential sprays of AZE nasal spray (0.137 mL [137 g]) followed by brand name or generic FP nasal spray (0.100 mL [50 g]) were manually actuated into the model. The interior was coated with a water-sensitive dye that changes to magenta when exposed
to aqueous-based formulations. A slight vacuum was applied during spray delivery to simulate sniffing. The results were photographed by using anterior and lateral views. 
Results:
Three replicates of MP-AzeFlu showed no dripping from the front of the nostril or backflow
from the nasal cavity. However, three replicates of AZE nasal spray, followed by a brand name or generic FP nasal spray, showed significant dripping from the front of the nostril and backflow from the nasal cavity. 
Conclusion:
A single spray of MP-AzeFlu resulted in no
runoff compared with sequential dosing of the two other therapeutic products. Product runoff is likely due to the volume exceeding the capacity of the nasal cavity model. Furthermore, the common clinical dosing regimen of two sprays per nostril of each of the individual components would promote
even greater increased undesirable flooding and leakage.",
}