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- Volume 24, Issue 3, 2012
International Journal of Iberian Studies - Volume 24, Issue 3, 2012
Volume 24, Issue 3, 2012
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Pobres pero honradas: Lujuria burguesa y honorabilidad proletaria en las novelas breves de Federica Montseny
More LessHacia 1922 la líder anarquista Federica Montseny comenóz a publicar novelas breves románticas en varios periódicos anarquistas. Fueron casi cincuenta escritos en los que dejó plasmada la misión social de todo escritor anarquista: diagnosticar los males de la sociedad, denunciar dicha realidad que no suele ser muy justa para la clase trabajadora y, por último, promover soluciones a largo plazo mediante una pedagogía social o una especie de propedéutica capaz de enseñar a la clase proletaria cōmo defenderse física y moralmente de los ataques de la clase burguesa, para así lograr una sociedad mās justa en todas las esferas de la vida. El propōsito de este trabajo serā analizar cōmo Montseny gestionō esa misiōn social en el caso concreto de las mujeres a través de estos temas: enaltecimiento de la maternidad consciente, defensa de la libertad (sexual) e independencia de las mujeres, separaciōn sexo/amor, control de la natalidad, incorporaciōn de la mujer al mundo laboral, denuncia de la doble moral hombre/mujer en torno a la virginidad, etcétera. También veremos que aparecen dos grandes estereotipos o arquetipos humanos en dichas novelas – que obedecen a lo que se ha llamado sexualidad de clase, ambos enfrentados en la lucha de clases de dos mundos antagōnicos: el del burgués (libertino, desocupado, despia-dado) y el de la mujer proletaria (dōbil, indefensa, sana y sobre todo, pobre pero honrada).
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Knowledge by visual transmission: Sexuality and anarchist visual culture in Estudios (1928–37)
More LessIn the early twentieth century, with the advancement of printing techniques enabling the reproduction of graphics and images, the number of illustrated publications increased rapidly. In addition to its consumer appeal, the printed image and its mass distribution through reviews, newspapers, posters and illustrations in books boosted new types of usage and meaning relating to the image, which in turn established new codes of communication. Due to their eagerness to proselytize, anarchist groups worked themselves up into a publishing frenzy which served as a platform for dialogue between anarchist elites and the proletarian masses, as well as being a vehicle for teaching and indoctrination. The rapid growth of these publications promoted what can be referred to as a 'review culture', which gave rise to new strategies for spreading anarchist ideas as well as for recruiting and educating activists. Estudios. Revista Eclctica (1928–37) stands out because of its interest in the sexual education of the proletariat, focusing on spreading scientific knowledge among the workers, peasants, artisans and other groups which made up its vast readership. A large number of science and medical professionals and amateurs developed a veritable manual on the sexual education of the proletariat, which was complemented by the review's rich visual discourse. This article argues that these images, which were a part of the visual culture of the Spanish and international anarchist world, established a dialogue with the textual discourse of this publication, completing or visually transmitting the concepts relating to sexual education which were expressed in the review. The anxiety to improve the living conditions of the proletariat and the focus on proletarian sexuality was largely caused by the anxiety to reduce the high mortality rate in European nations in the inter-war period. Sexuality and sexual practices were policed through a scientific discourse which, it is argued, was not unburdened by the Catholicism of old.
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The construction of masculinity in the Spanish labour movement: Astudy of the Revista Blanca (1923–36)
More LessThis article places discourse on masculinity in the anarchist Revista Blanca (1923–36) within the broader setting of the Spanish labour movement and recent feminist and gender analyses of 'hegemonic' and 'subordinate' expressions of maleness. Rather than supposing a rigid representation of masculinity, anarchist writers in the Revista Blanca posed several models although these models conformed to certain criteria and were characterized by their adherence to notions of working-class dignity, political integrity and values of truth as weapons against bourgeois 'double standards' and privilege. Such expressions of masculinity also inhered in particular constructions of femininity within the review and the movement more broadly. In turn, 'dissident' expressions of masculinity, seen as overly aesthetic, effeminate or even homosexual, were rejected. While engaging with new tropes of masculinity emerging in the early twentieth century and providing models that broke with some dominant forms of masculinity, writers in the Revista Blanca also shored up boundaries between the genders and sexes. This article makes a contribution to work on anarchist history, labour history and the history of gendered relations.
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Good birth and good living. The (de)medicalizing key to sexual reform in the anarchist media of inter-war Spain
Authors: Isabel Jiménez-Lucena and Jorge Molero-MesaLibertarian discourse questions bourgeois discourse and develops a sociocultural alternative that is often directly or indirectly related to science, medicine, health and disease (i.e. to biopower). The complex nature of libertarian thinking and biopower has led us to develop our analysis within a relational and eclectic theoretical–methodological framework that allows us to examine one of the devices of biopower – the process of medicalization. Many key explanatory traits of inter-war anarchist thinking may certainly be found in the process of medicalization, which was widely established in the early twentieth century, notwithstanding the fact that such processes have been marked by a wide variety of positions, some of which are alternative, such as those adopted to a large extent by the libertarian movement of that historical period. Thus, in this sense, our purpose is to analyse and understand to what extent discourses on the so-called 'sexual reform', as disseminated by the libertarian press in inter-war Spain, conditioned the processes of (de)medicalization; and also to what extent the latter conditioned discourses on sexual liberation.
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BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Jared D. Larson and Pedro García-GuiraoSpain Transformed: The Late Franco Dictatorship, 1959–75,Nigel Townson(ed.) (2010) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, v–xi, 1–265 pp., ISBN 978-0-230-00455-9 (hbk), 978-0-230-24888-5 (pbk), 55.00/18.99
We, the Anarchists! A Study of Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI) 1927–1937, StuartChristie (2008) Edinburgh and Oakland, CA: AK Press, viii + 235 pp., ISBN 978-1-90485-975-8 (pbk), 9.95
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 37 (2024)
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Volume 36 (2023)
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Volume 35 (2022)
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Volume 34 (2021)
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Volume 33 (2020)
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Volume 32 (2019)
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Volume 31 (2018)
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Volume 30 (2017)
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Volume 29 (2016)
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Volume 28 (2015)
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Volume 27 (2014)
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Volume 26 (2013)
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Volume 25 (2012)
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Volume 24 (2011 - 2012)
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Volume 23 (2010)
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Volume 22 (2009)
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Volume 21 (2008)
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Volume 20 (2007)
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Volume 19 (2006 - 2007)
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Volume 18 (2005)
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Volume 17 (2004)
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Volume 16 (2003 - 2004)
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Volume 15 (2002 - 2003)
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Volume 14 (2001)