@article {May:2013::289,
title = "Neurofeedback and traumatic brain injury: A literature review",
journal = "",
parent_itemid = "",
publishercode ="",
year = "2013",
volume = "25",
number = "4",
publication date ="2013-11-01T00:00:00",
pages = "289-296",
itemtype = "ARTICLE",
url = "https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/fmc/acp/2013/00000025/00000004/art00011",
keyword = "quantitative electroencephalogram, traumatic brain injury, neurofeedback",
author = "May, Geoffrey and Benson, Randall and Balon, Richard and Boutros, Nash",
abstract = "
BACKGROUND: Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback whereby a patient can learn to control measurements of brain activity such as those recorded by an electroencephalogram. It has been explored as a treatment for sequelae of traumatic brain injury, although the use of neurofeedback
remains outside the realm of routine clinical practice.
METHODS: Google Scholar was used to find 22 examples of primary research. Measures of symptom improvement, neuropsychological testing, and changes in subjects quantitative electroencephalogram were included in
the analysis. A single reviewer classified each study according to a rubric devised by 2 societies dedicated to neurofeedback research.
RESULTS: All studies demonstrated positive findings, in that neurofeedback led to improvement in measures of impairment, whether subjective, objective,
or both. However, placebo-controlled studies were lacking, some reports omitted important details, and study designs differed to the point where effect size could not be calculated quantitatively.
CONCLUSIONS: Neurofeedback is a promising treatment that warrants double-blind, placebo-controlled
studies to determine its potential role in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Clinicians can advise that some patients report improvement in a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms after undergoing neurofeedback, although the treatment remains experimental, with no standard methodology.",
}