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Home / Cryoletters, Volume 46, Number 4

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Genes and Apoptosis-related Genes Effect Cryotolerance: Two Comparisons of Balb/c and Cd-1 Mice

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Authors: Sakar, Aysel Eraslan 1 ; Yalcin, Oguz Kaan 2 ; Yildiz, Cengiz 3 ; Dayanc, Firdevs Yilmaz 4 ; 

Source: Cryoletters, Volume 46, Number 4, July 2025, pp. 238-250(13)

Publisher: Cryoletters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54680/fr25410110512

BACKGROUND: The inbred C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse strains are widely recognized and used as foundational models for mutagenesis studies globally. Analyzing molecular damage at cellular and genetic levels from freeze-thaw processes in different mouse strains is crucial for understanding how to preserve sperm function and reproductive efficiency. OBJECTIVE: To examine intraspecific variations in fresh and frozen-thawed sperm from outbred (CD-1) and inbred (BALB/c) mouse strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sperm cryopreservation utilized 3% (w/v) skim milk powder and 18% (w/v) raffinose as cryoprotectants. RESULTS: Post-thaw analysis showed significantly higher progressive sperm motility (p <0.05), intact plasma membrane integrity (p <0.01), and viability (p <0.05) in CD-1 frozen-thawed sperm than in BALB/c. The mRNA expression of XBP1, GRP78, and IRE1 was significantly higher in BALB/c frozen-thawed sperm (p <0.001). CHOP mRNA levels showed no significant variation (p >0.05). BAX mRNA was significantly upregulated in both strains after freezing (p <0.001). While TCP11 mRNA showed no significant differences (p >0.05), PDIA3 mRNA increased significantly post-thaw (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: Cryopreservation quality was superior in outbred CD-1 sperm compared to inbred BALB/c sperm, evidenced by better post-thaw parameters and elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (XBP1, GRP78, and IRE1) and PDIA3.

Keywords: APOPTOSIS; BALB/C, CD-1; CRYOPRESERVATION; ER STRESS; GENE EXPRESSION; INBRED; MOUSE; OUTBRED

Document Type: Research Article

Affiliations: 1: Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Hatay, Türkiye 2: Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Hatay, Türkiye 3: Yalova University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Yalova, Türkiye 4: Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Hatay, Türkiye

Publication date: July 1, 2025

More about this publication?

  • CryoLetters is a bimonthly international journal for low temperature sciences, including cryobiology, cryopreservation or vitrification of cells and tissues, chemical and physical aspects of freezing and drying, and studies involving ecology of cold environments, and cold adaptation

    The journal publishes original research reports, authoritative reviews, technical developments and commissioned book reviews of studies of the effects produced by low temperatures on a wide variety of scientific and technical processes, or those involving low temperature techniques in the investigation of physical, chemical, biological and ecological problems.

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