@article {Aujouannet:2006:1715-5312:150,
title = "Effects of a high-intensity swim test on kinematic parameters in high-level athletes",
journal = "Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism",
parent_itemid = "infobike://cndscipub/apnm",
publishercode ="cndscipub",
year = "2006",
volume = "31",
number = "2",
publication date ="2006-04-01T00:00:00",
pages = "150-158",
itemtype = "ARTICLE",
issn = "1715-5312",
eissn = "1715-5320",
url = "https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cndscipub/apnm/2006/00000031/00000002/art00009",
author = "Aujouannet, Yannick A and Bonifazi, Marco and Hintzy, Fr{\’e}d{\’e}rique and Vuillerme, Nicolas and Rouard, Annie H",
abstract = "The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a high-intensity swim test among top-level swimmers on (i) the spatial and temporal parameters of both the stroke and the 3-D fingertip pattern and (ii) the mechanical, muscular, and physiological parameters. Ten male
international swimmers performed a 4 \texttimes 50 m swim at maximal intensity. Isometric arm flexion force with the elbow at 90\textdegree (F90\textdegree), EMG signals of right musculus biceps brachii and triceps brachii and blood lactate concentrations were recorded before and after the swim test.
Kinematic stroke (stroke length, rate, and velocity) and spatiotemporal parameters of the fingertip trajectory were measured by two underwater cameras during the first and last 50 m swims. After the swim test, F90\textdegree and mean power frequencies of the EMG decreased significantly when
blood lactate concentration increased significantly, attesting the reaching of fatigue. From the first to the last 50 m, stroke rate, stroke velocity, and temporal parameters of the fingertip trajectory exhibited significant increases although stroke length and spatial fingertip trajectory
remained unchanged. General and individual adaptations were observed among the top-level swimmers studied. The present findings could be useful for coaches in evaluating fatigue effects on the technical parameters of swimming.Key words: sport, fatigue, biomechanic, lactate, force.Les
objectifs de cette {\’e}tude {\’e}taient d'{\’e}tudier les effets d'un test intensif de nage sur (i) les param{\‘e}tres spatiaux du cycle et de la trajectoire en 3-D du majeur et (ii) les param{\‘e}tres m{\’e}caniques, musculaire et physiologique. Dix nageurs
internationaux ont effectu{\’e} un 4 \texttimes 50 m {\‘a} vitesse maximale. La force de flexion isom{\’e}trique maximale avec le coude {\‘a} 90\textdegree (F90\textdegree), le signal EMG du biceps et du triceps brachii et la concentration sanguine de lactate ont {\’e}t{\’e} enregistr{\’e}s
avant et apr{\‘e}s le test de nage. Les param{\‘e}tres cin{\’e}matiques du cycle (amplitude, fr{\’e}quence, vitesse) et les param{\‘e}tres spatio-temporels de la trajectoire du majeur ont {\’e}t{\’e} mesur{\’e}s {\‘a} l'aide de deux cam{\’e}ras sous marine durant
le premier et le dernier 50 m. Apr{\‘e}s le test de nage, F90\textdegree et les param{\‘e}tres fr{\’e}quentiels de l'EMG diminuent significativement alors que la concentration sanguine de lactate augmente, attestant la pr{\’e}sence de la fatigue. Du premier au dernier 50 m, la
fr{\’e}quence de cycle, la vitesse de nage et les param{\‘e}tres temporels de la trajectoire du majeur pr{\’e}sentent une augmentation significative alors que l'amplitude de cycle et la trajectoire spatiale du majeur restent inchang{\’e}es. Des adaptations g{\’e}n{\’e}rales
et individuelles sont observ{\’e}es entre les nageurs de haut niveau {\’e}tudi{\’e}s. Ces r{\’e}sultats peuvent {\^e}tre utiles pour les entra{\^ı}neurs d{\’e}sirant {\’e}valuer les effets de la fatigue sur les param{\‘e}tres techniques de la nage.Mots cl{\’e}s
: sport, fatigue, biom{\’e}canique, lactate, force.",
}