Some Applications of Ultrasound Irradiation in Organic Synthesis
The chemical applications of ultrasound, “sonochemistry”, have become an exciting new field of research during the past decade. Scientists now know that the chemical effects of ultrasound are diverse and include substantial improvements in both stoichiometric and catalytic chemical reactions. In some cases, ultrasonic irradiation can increase reactivities by nearly a million fold. The chemical effects of ultrasound fall into homogeneous sonochemistry of liquids, heterogeneous sonochemistry of liquid-liquid or liquid-solid systems. In this paper, some recent applications of ultrasound in organic synthesis, such as, Knoevenagel condensation, Claisen-Schmidt condensation, Michael addition, Pinacol coupling reaction, Bucherer-Bergs reaction and Biginelli reaction, are reviewed.
Keywords: arylmethylenemalonitrile; chalcones; claisen-schmidt condensation; cyanocinnamates; knoevenagel condensation; michael addition; pinacol coupling reaction; sonochemistry
Document Type: Review Article
Affiliations: College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University; Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology, Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, P.R. China.
Publication date: 01 July 2005
- Current Organic Synthesis publishes in-depth reviews on all areas of synthetic organic chemistry i.e. asymmetric synthesis, organometallic chemistry, novel synthetic approaches to complex organic molecules, carbohydrates, polymers, protein chemistry, DNA chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, molecular recognition and new synthetic methods in organic chemistry. The frontier reviews provide the current state of knowledge in these fields and are written by experts who are internationally known for their eminent research contributions. The journal is essential reading to all synthetic organic chemists. Current Organic Synthesis should prove to be of great interest to synthetic chemists in academia and industry who wish to keep abreast with recent developments in key fields of organic synthesis.
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