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Sweet and Sour - Oxidative and Carbonyl Stress in Neurological Disorders

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The nervous system is a unique network of different cell types and comprises a variety of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates that have an important interplay with all major organs in the body. Homeostatic regulation of nervous tissue turnover must be carefully controlled, taking into account interactions of the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Clinical conditions affecting the nervous system range from mild cognitive perturbations such as headache, to life-threatening acute courses such as meningitis and glioblastoma, and to chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. One unifying feature in normal developmental or homeostatic functions and clinical dysfunctions within the nervous system is redox regulation, with an imbalance in oxidative/carbonyl stress versus antioxidants being characteristic of pathological conditions. In this review we consider the state of current knowledge regarding structural, genetic, proteomic, histopathological, clinical, and therapeutic perspectives of oxidative and carbonyl stress within the nervous system.





Keywords: 4-HNE; 8-OHdG; AGE; AGE Inhibition; AGE-RAGE Blockade; AGING; AGV-V; ALE; ALS; AOPP; Acrolein; Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid A Peptide; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Carbonyl stress; Creutzfeld-Jakob disease; DLBD; Dementia with Lewy Body Syndrome; Down's Syndrome; EAE; Epilepsy; Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy; Friedreich's Ataxia; Galectin-3; HD; HMGB1; Huntington's disease; Lewy bodies disease; MCP-1; Niemann-Pick diseases; Oxidative stress; PD; Parkinson's disease; Pelizaeus-Merzbacher diseas; Progressive supranuclear palsy; RAGE; Rac/Cdc42 pathway; Radiation-Induced Brain Injury; S100; SH-SY5Y; Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE; Schizophrenia/Bipolar Disorder; Spinal Cord Injury; Stroke; Traumatic Brain Injury; advanced glycation endproducts; advanced oxidation protein products; carboxymethyllysine; chronic inflammation; fenofibrate; glycoxidation; hypoxia; imidazolones; lipoxidation; malondialdehyde; multiple sclerosis; neurodegeneration; oxLDL; pentosidine; pioglitazone; pyrraline; sRAGE therapy; tanshinone

Document Type: Research Article

Publication date: 01 February 2011

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  • CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets aims to cover all the latest and outstanding developments on the medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology, genomics and biochemistry of contemporary molecular targets involved in neurological and central nervous system (CNS) disorders e.g. disease specific proteins, receptors, enzymes, genes. Each issue of the journal will contain a series of timely in-depth reviews written by leaders in the field covering a range of current topics on drug targets involved in neurological and CNS disorders. As the discovery, identification, characterization and validation of novel human drug targets for neurological and CNS drug discovery continues to grow; this journal will be essential reading for all pharmaceutical scientists involved in drug discovery and development.
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