Background: Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is a set of metabolic abnormalities that
are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Apple cider vinegar (ACV) has been used in several
studies as a natural agent to improve CMS risk factors. The present study aimed to perform a
systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of ACV consumption on lipid and glycemic parameters.
Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were systematically searched to find
clinical trials evaluating the effects of ACV consumption on CMS risk factors.
Results: Overall, 25 clinical trials (33 arms) comprising 1320 adults were entered in this study.
ACV consumption could significantly improve the levels of FBG (-21.20 mg/dl; 95% CI: -32.31 to
-2.21; I2: 95.8%), HbA1c (-0.91mg/dl; 95% CI: -1.62 to -0.21; I2: 98.9%), and TC (-6.72 mg/dl;
95% CI: -12.91 to -0.53; I2:50.8%). No significant results were observed for BMI, HOMA-IR,
serum insulin, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. Subgroup analysis showed a significant decrease in FBG,
HbA1c, TC, and TG in diabetic patients. In this type of analysis, ACV consumption significantly
reduced FBG levels when administered for both duration subgroups (≥12 and <12 weeks). Moreover,
in the subgroup analysis based on duration, TG concentration was significantly decreased following
ACV consumption for ≥ 12 weeks.
Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that consumption of ACV has a favorable effect
in decreasing some CMS risk factors including FBG, HbA1c, and TC.
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Keywords:
Apple cider vinegar;
cardiometabolic risk factors;
cardiometabolic syndrome;
cholestero;
fasting blood glucose;
hba1c
Affiliations:
1:
Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
2:
Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
3:
Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
4:
Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
5:
Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Appeared or available online: October 20, 2023
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