Comparative Analysis of Two-Dimensional Materials in a Graphite Matrix as Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

A facile and scalable wet ball-milling method was employed to reduce the size of two-dimensional (2D) materials (MoS₂, MoSe₂ , and NbSe₂) and distribute these particles on a graphite surface. Herein, we discuss the effects of graphite matrix addition on the performance of each of the 2D materials prepared via a wet ball-milling process, and demonstrate that these composites can be used as high-performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. As compared to the MoSe₂@graphite and NbSe₂@graphite composites, the MoS₂@graphite electrode exhibited superior electrochemical performance, with high specific capacity (i.e., ~300 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles, corresponding to ~77% of charge capacity retention relative to the initial charge capacity), high cyclic stability, and excellent rate capability (~85% capacity retention at 10 A g⁻¹ relative to the capacity at 0.1 A g⁻¹).