
Magnetic Nanoparticles in Macrophages and Cancer Cells Exhibit Different Signal Behavior on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Cell labeling with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is a promising method of cell tracking. In particular, a novel quantitative tomography method called magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has the potential to estimate the number of successfully transplanted MNP-labeled cells, thereby helping
predict clinical outcomes. However, the biological factors that shape the MPI signals of MNPs during cell labeling are not well understood. To better understand these factors, the MPI signals of MNPs in various extracellular and intracellular conditions were assessed. Firstly, carboxydextran-coated
MNPs (Resovist®) in the presence or absence of the transfection agents heparin and/or protamine were subjected to dynamic light scattering analysis and magnetic particle spectroscopy. Secondly, RAW264 macrophages and Colon26 carcinoma cells were labeled with Resovist® by using their
intrinsic phagocytic activity or with the assistance of the transfection agents, respectively, after which the cells were visualized by our MPI scanner and transmission electron microscopy, and their absolute amounts of intracellular iron were measured by thiocyanate colorimetry. The MPI pixel
values were normalized to intracellular iron concentrations. Finally, the effect of cell lysis on the MPI signal was assessed with magnetic particle spectroscopy. The presence of protamine, but not heparin, increased the hydrodynamic diameter of the MNPs and inhibited their MPI signals. Cell
uptake drastically decreased the normalized MPI pixel values. This was particularly marked in the colon cancer cells. The transfection agents did not further alter the MPI signal of the MNP-labeled colon cancer cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed that there was much more MNP aggregation
in colon cancer cells than in macrophages. After the MNP-labeled cells were lysed, the MPI signal recovered partially. In conclusion, MPI pixel values can be influenced by the cell-labeling process and cellular uptake. The MPI signals from intracellular magnetic nanoparticles may also differ
depending on the cell type.
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Keywords: Cell Labeling; Cell Tracking; Clinical Imaging; Drug Delivery; Macrophages; Magnetic Particle Imaging; Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Theranostics; Tomography
Document Type: Research Article
Affiliations: Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Medical Technology and Science, Faculty of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
Publication date: November 1, 2019
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