Different Inflammatory Biomarker Patterns in the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid Following Heart Surgery and Major Non-Cardiac Operations
Cognitive decline occurs frequently after cardiac surgery and it may lead to patient morbidity. The purpose of this study is to focus on the static incidence of neuro-psychiatric impairment associated with altered inflammatory biomarkers in the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) that may provide an insight into the mechanisms of acute peri-operative cognitive disturbances related to heart surgery. Immunoassays were used to evaluate concentrations of several cytokines in CSF of patients undergoing either off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OP-CABG) or major non-cardiac surgeries. Inter-group analysis showed no differences in baseline cytokine abundance. Levels of IL-8 have markedly increased both after OP-CABG and major non-cardiac surgeries (34.59±7.15 vs. 99.45±6.35, and 27.44±7.17 vs. 66.63±15.18). Rantes showed significantly greater quantity in CSF of the non-cardiac group after surgery (8.71±3.37 vs. 114.56±65.42), whereas it became somewhat less abundant in the post-operative period but statistically unchanged in the OP-CABG cohort (19.87±15.71 vs. 9.37±3.65). IP-10 and MCP-1 did not show significant changes in their concentrations in either patient population (OP-CABG: 254.41±160.01 vs. 224.55±214.39, and 140.37±40.98 vs. 147.16±37.98; non-cardiac: 274.99±219.44 vs. 395.09±468.30, and 126.56±31.24 vs. 124.41±49.89, respectively). These findings suggest that cardiac surgery provokes alterations in the levels of various cytokines in the CSF, and the OP-CABG induced changes in biomarker profile differs from that seen after major non-cardiac surgeries. This, along with other biomarkers, may offer an explanation for relationships between the pronounced incidence of cognitive impairment after heart operations.
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; atherosclerosis; biomarker; cardiac surgery; cerebrospinal fluid; cognitive function; coronary heart disease; cytokine; major non-cardiac surgery; post-operative Alzheimer's disease
Document Type: Research Article
Publication date: 01 August 2007
- Current Drug Metabolism aims to cover all the latest and outstanding developments in drug metabolism and disposition. The journal serves as an international forum for the publication of timely reviews in drug metabolism. Current Drug Metabolism is an essential journal for academic, clinical, government and pharmaceutical scientists who wish to be kept informed and up-to-date with the latest and most important developments. The journal covers the following areas:
In vitro systems including CYP-450; enzyme induction and inhibition; drug-drug interactions and enzyme kinetics; pharmacokinetics, toxicokinetics, species scaling and extrapolations; P-glycoprotein and transport carriers; target organ toxicity and interindividual variability; drug metabolism and disposition studies; extrahepatic metabolism; phase I and phase II metabolism; recent developments for the identification of drug metabolites and adducts. - Editorial Board
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