Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of V₂O₅ Nanorods Grown Using Spray Pyrolysis Technique at Different Substrate Temperature

V₂O₅ NRs were prepared by a spray pyrolysis onto heated glass substrates at various substrate temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the films obtained at T _s = 250 °C have low peak intensities. However, the degree of crystallinity increases when the temperature was increases to T _s = 350 °C, and films have orthorhombic structures with preferential orientations along the (110) direction. FESEM observations showed that rod-like shaped morphology is in the 100–150 nm diameter range and in the 1–3 μm length range. Optical transmittance in the visible range increases to reach a maximum value of approximately 80%, at a substrate temperature of T _s = 350 °C. The optical band gap is determined when there is a decline in optical absorbance spectra at an increasing substrate temperature; 2.46 eV in the amorphous phase, at 250 °C to 2.02 eV in the nanocrystalline phase, at 350 °C. Photoluminescence spectra revealed two main broad peaks at around 516–533 nm with high intensity.