Notes on Xylophallus xylogenus (Phallaceae, Agaricomycetes) based on Brazilian specimens

From morphological analysis of Phallus pygmaeus specimens collected in Brazil and reexamination of the holotype, we conclude that this species is a synonym of the previously described Xylophallus xylogenus and agree with the recently proposed synonymy. We describe new specimens of X. xylogenus from Northeastern Brazil and provide color photos and a key for the species of the small xylophilous members of Phallus, including Xylophallus.