Chronic respiratory disease and high altitude are associated with depressive symptoms in four diverse settings
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between CRD conditions and depressive symptoms in four settings in Peru.
DESIGN: We collected data on CRD and depressive symptoms in adults aged 35 years. Depressive symptoms were measured according to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to assess the adjusted odds of being in a higher category of depressive symptoms as a function of CRD.
RESULTS: We analyzed data from 2953 participants (mean age 55.3 years, 49% male). The prevalence of major depressive symptoms was 19%, with significant variation according to setting. Participants with at least one CRD (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.06–1.69) and those living at altitude (OR 1.64, 95%CI 1.10–2.43) had an increased adjusted odds of being in a higher category of depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSION: We found a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, and a positive association between depressive symptoms with CRD and with living at altitude, both of which cause chronic hypoxia.
Keywords: altitude; asthma; chronic bronchitis; chronic hypoxia; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; depressive symptoms; mental health
Document Type: Research Article
Affiliations: 1: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 2: Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 3: CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Department of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru 4: CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru 5: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 6: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; School of Medicine, Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Publication date: 01 September 2016
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