Tiptoeing Around Gait Disorders: Multiple Presentations, Many Causes
Walking appears to be a simple innate ability, but it is an extraordinarily complex process involving three major afferent systems (visual, proprioception, and vestibular). Humans' unique gait is established around age seven. Velocity and step-length change with age, but the overall
package we call "gait" remains stable. Age is the single most important factor in changing gait, with some normal changes expected. Gait disorders, beyond what are normal age-related changes, are common among elders. At 60 years of age, 15% of elders have gait problems, increasing
to 82% for those 85 years of age and older. Abnormal gait movement can be broadly defined as hyperkinetic (too much movement) and hypokinetic (too little movement). Gait disorders are classified into lowest level (affecting one afferent system), middle level (more afferent system involvement),
and highest level (characterized by planning deficits) disorders. Gait disturbances may be a manifestation of underlying conditions or may be drug-induced. To treat gait disorders appropriately, clinicians must review the patient's disease progression, medication status, and environmental
conditions. Physical therapy, medication changes, and, rarely, surgery can help improve gait.
Keywords: Gait; Ototoxicity; Proprioception; Propulsive gait; Scissors gait; Spastic gait; Stance; Steppage gait; Waddling gait
Document Type: Research Article
Publication date: 01 November 2010
- The Consultant Pharmacist® is the official peer-reviewed journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists. It is dedicated exclusively to the medication needs of the elderly in all settings, including adult day care, ambulatory care, assisted living, community, hospice, and nursing facilities. This award-winning journal is a member benefit of ASCP. Individuals who are not members and wish to receive The Consultant Pharmacist® will want to consider joining ASCP.
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