Security Consequences When Switching From Free Chlorine to Monochloramine Disinfectants

Authors: Kroll, Dan¹; King, Karl¹; Ginsberg, Mark²

Source: Water Practice, Volume 1, Number 3, July 2007 , pp. 1-9(9)

Publisher: Water Environment Federation

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Abstract:

Switching to monochloramine as a residual disinfectant has been deemed to be an effective means to meet limits for disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Many municipalities have switched indicating that the perceived advantages outweigh the disadvantages. We have become increasingly concerned that there are drawbacks related to security that are overlooked during the decision process. We have studied the interactions of a number of potential threat agents with different levels of various disinfectants while developing an early warning system for water security. The experimental design entailed the gathering of bulk parameter data for a wide variety of agents at different concentrations. This resulted in an extensive database on the reactions of these agents in common drinking water scenarios. This revealed some disadvantages associated with switching to monochloramine.

Keywords: FREE CHLORINE; MONOCHLORAMINE; DISINFECTION BY PRODUCT; MONITORING; SECURITY TERRORISM; BACKFLOW ATTACK

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193317707X224112

Affiliations: 1: Hach HST, Loveland, Colorado, 80529 2: US Army Corps of Engineers Construction Engineering Research Lab, Champaign, Ill. 61826

Publication date: 2007-07-01

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Water Practice™ publishes peer-reviewed articles and reports focusing on applied water studies. Topics include monitoring, facility operations and maintenance, management, policy, and other issues of interest and concern to water practitioners. The Journal publishes on a monthly to bi-monthly basis and is available online only.
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