@article {Kondo:2010:1938-6478:6986,
	author = "Kondo, Masao and Cumin, Jeff and Hong, Youngseck and Bayly, Reid and Gao, Mingwu and Rubin, Robert",
	title = "Reexamination of the Gas Sparging Mechanism for Membrane Fouling Control",
	journal = "Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation",
	volume = "2010",
	number = "9",
	year = "2010",
	abstract = "Optimization in fouling control is indispensable in the operation of Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) for reduction of the overall operational and capital costs. Many strategies have been developed to control and minimize membrane fouling. However, as hydrodynamic conditions have been poorly understood, benefits of “air cycling“ over the “continuous aeration“ cannot be explained. A new concept was introduced to explain this phenomenon, that is, the intensity of turbulence caused by the bubble is dependent upon the bubble size and the Rising Water Velocity (RWV). Experiment and the subsequent numerical study show the validity of this new approach.",
	pages = "6986-7007",
	url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wef/wefproc/2010/00002010/00000009/art00049",
	doi = "doi:10.2175/193864710798207495",
	keyword = "Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs), fouling control, Rising Water Velocity (RWV), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), relative velocity, shear force, cross flow, “continuous aeration“, “air cycling“, “10-10s mode“"
}