@article {Krueger:2009:1938-6478:91,
	author = "Krueger, Thomas and Bergstrom, Aric and Cressey, Gary and Marten, Bill and Sedmak, Kenneth",
	title = "Facility Optimization Trifecta: Capacity Increase, Effluent Quality Improvement, and Energy Reduction",
	journal = "Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation",
	volume = "2009",
	number = "18",
	year = "2009",
	abstract = "Capital improvements are an expensive means of increasing capacity at wastewater treatment plants. Modifying capacity-limiting unit processes for improved performance, instead of implementing costly capital programs, can be a much more economical solution to capacity issues. Developing an implementation &#8220;road map&#8221; is an effective tool for increasing capacity by building or modifying processes as the community grows.<P></P>In 1997, the Village of Grafton, Wisconsin&#39;s Water and Wastewater Utility was considering building a new joint treatment plant with a neighboring community to meet future needs. However, an evaluation and planning study identified unused capacity that allowed them to postpone major capital improvements. Through a series of minor plant modifications, the Utility increased plant capacity from 6060 to 9460 m<SUP>3</SUP>/d (1.6 to 2.5 mgd) without adding new tankage, improved effluent quality, and decreased energy costs. This paper presents the modifications and cost savings.",
	pages = "91-101",
	url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wef/wefproc/2009/00002009/00000018/art00007",
	doi = "doi:10.2175/193864709793955546",
	keyword = "planning, evaluation, plant capacity, improved performance, improvements, cost savings, energy savings"
}