@article {Gray:2009:1938-6478:632,
	author = "Gray, Matthew and Serra, Marvin and Stahl, Tilo and Kestel, Steve",
	title = "A Five Year Case Study of a Feed Forward Nitrogen Reduction Process Control System",
	journal = "Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation",
	volume = "2009",
	number = "4",
	year = "2009",
	abstract = "As operational and capital budgets for wastewater treatment shrink and effluent limitations become more stringent, it is very important to reduce energy consumption of aeration systems and improve treated water quality. Monitoring of influent loading and plant operating conditions, together with a Feed Forward Process Control system, allows DO and internal recycle set-points to be continuously adjusted based on the actual loading. This optimization results in improved nitrogen removal and a significant reduction in electrical energy consumption. This paper discusses the monitoring technology, optimization of the biological processes and control techniques. Results achieved, potential problems and solutions over the last five years at Enfield, CT will be presented.",
	pages = "632-637",
	url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wef/wefproc/2009/00002009/00000004/art00040",
	doi = "doi:10.2175/193864709793901392",
	keyword = "Feed forward control, nitrogen removal, reduced energy consumption of aeration, Long Island Sound"
}