@article {Wilson:2008:1938-6478:3622,
	author = "Wilson, Tom and Toth, Zsuzsanna and Anderson, Graeme and McSweeny, Ray and McGettigan, John",
	title = "Using MBBRs to Meet ENR Nitrogen Levels for Over 8 Years",
	journal = "Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation",
	volume = "2008",
	number = "13",
	year = "2008",
	abstract = "In the United States there has been considerable interest in reducing nutrients to very low (enhanced nutrient removal [ENR]) levels. This means achieving very low nitrate-nitrogen levels. In Virginia, it was recently demonstrated, at pilot scale, that a tertiary moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system could reduce nitrate-nitrogen to under 1.0 mg/L in cool waters in less than 30 minutes. Tertiary denitrifying MBBRs have been operating in Sweden for more than 10 years, but at higher influent nitrate levels, much longer detention times, and generally producing higher concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). What has been missing is long-term information about using MBBRs in a polishing mode at low detention times and producing ENR levels. This paper is about the South Caboolture Water Reclamation Plant, which has been operating at low detention times and using MBBRs to produce ENR N and P levels continuously for more than 8 years.",
	pages = "3622-3630",
	url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wef/wefproc/2008/00002008/00000013/art00046"
}