@article {Martijn:2007:1938-6478:134,
	author = "Martijn, Bran J. and Kruithof, Joop C. and Rosenthal, Loet P.M.",
	title = "DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF UVH2O2 TREATMENT IN A FULL SCALE DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANT",
	journal = "Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation",
	volume = "2007",
	number = "1",
	year = "2007",
	abstract = "The presence of pathogenic organisms and micro-pollutants has caused PWN to replace breakpoint chlorination by a-selective barriers in their surface water treatment plants. Feasibility of the application of UV/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> for both disinfection and organic contaminant control was studied.<P></P>The UV/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> process treats pre-treated IJssel Lake water with a nitrate content of 6-12 mg/L and a DOC concentration of approximately 2.5 mg/L. To meet disinfection criteria for target micro organisms such as viruses and protozoa, a germicidal UV-dose of 70 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> is necessary. Target micro pollutants are mainly pesticides, endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals. The applied UV-dose for organic contaminant control by advanced oxidation is 600 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>; the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> dosage is 6 ppm. Applying advanced oxidation process conditions, results in superior disinfection.<P></P>Extensive research preceded the implementation. In historic research, no response in the Ames test was observed in UV treated water under disinfection conditions. For atrazine, the formation of primary metabolites was researched in both the disinfection and the oxidative regime. Pilot plant research on byproducts mainly focussed the oxidative regime. Produced byproducts are nitrite and biodegradable compounds (AOC).<P></P>Long term pilot scale testing of the UV/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> process, followed by activated carbon filtration (EBCT 30 minutes), was performed to monitor the formation of these products. Formation of 100-300 &#956;g/L nitrate and 100-150 &#956;g/L AOC was observed. Biodegradation by the GAC filters reduced the AOC to 16-18 &#956;g/L. Formed nitrite was completely re-oxidized to nitrate in the GAC filters.<P></P>The additional function of the activated carbon, decomposition of the residual hydrogen peroxide, was studied as well. The expected catalytic decomposition of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> by activated carbon was confirmed. Depending on the characteristics of the activated carbon, 6-9 minutes EBCT were required to decompose the residual H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> below detection limit.<P></P>Available UV-reactors were optimized for disinfection purposes only, based on disinfection modelling and CFD. In this case, both the disinfection and the advanced oxidation process needed to be performed by the same UV-reactor. Trojan Technologies&#39; existing disinfection models and CFD capabilities, combined with collaborative research effort and development of a kinetic model for the advanced oxidation process, resulted in an optimized reactor design.<P></P>Based upon the model calculations, a full scale UV-system was designed, constructed and implemented. The full scale UV/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> installation treats pre-treated IJssel Lake water and is located before of the existing activated carbon filters (EBCT 30 minutes). The maximum capacity of the plant is 4,500 m<SUP>3</SUP>/h.<P></P>The full-scale UV/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> installation is operational since November 2004 and the performance has been monitored since. Earlier pilot results were confirmed.",
	pages = "134-153",
	url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wef/wefproc/2007/00002007/00000001/art00016",
	doi = "doi:10.2175/193864707787932243"
}