@article {Singh:2006:1938-6478:6886,
	author = "Singh, Ajay and Mosher, Fredrick and Lugowski, Andrew and Ward, Owen",
	title = "An Advanced Biosolids Treatment Process and Potential Beneficial Applications of the Processed Biosolids",
	journal = "Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation",
	volume = "2006",
	number = "5",
	year = "2006",
	abstract = "An innovative and cost-effective biosolids treatment and processing technology was developed and demonstrated at a pilot and full-scale at the Guelph Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ontario. The Lystek process involves a low but optimized application of heat, alkali, and mixing in a batch or semi-continuous system to achieve the desired physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of the processed biosolids. The resultant processed product is a high solids concentration (12 - 14&#37;), pathogen-free liquid biosolids product which is fully compatible with standard equipment in use for land application of biosolids and liquid manure. The process achieves conversion of Ontario's Nutrient Management Act Class B biosolids to US EPA Class A biosolids. Processed material retains the pumpability needed to reduce the costs of biosolids handling, storage, transport and land application and is suitable for beneficial re-use and application as a fertilizer product even after prolonged seasonal storage at ambient temperature in Canadian weather conditions. Processed materials can be stored for long periods of time at room temperature (17-22&#176;C) without evidence of re-growth of harmful pathogens such as <I>Escherichia coli, Salmonella</I> and fecal coliforms. Application of Lystek process on raw sewage sludge and other intermediate wastewater solids indicated the versatility of the process that may have a potential to minimize the burden on the existing intermediate biosolids/sludge handling processes within the wastewater treatment facility, increase energy recovery, reduce the total biosolids generated and reduced storage capacity in the plant.",
	pages = "6886-6901",
	url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wef/wefproc/2006/00002006/00000005/art00041",
	doi = "doi:10.2175/193864706783761293"
}