@article {Chimchirian:2005:1938-6478:5171,
	author = "Chimchirian, Robert F. and Suri, Rominder P.S. and Velicu, Madgalena and Constable, Richard and Helmig, Edward",
	title = "SONOLYTIC DESTRUCTION OF ESTROGEN HORMONES IN WATER USING ULTRASOUND IRRADIATION",
	journal = "Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation",
	volume = "2005",
	number = "10",
	year = "2005",
	abstract = "The goal of this work is to examine the technical feasibility of ultrasonic irradiation to degrade steroid estrogens in water and wastewater. Two sonication units are tested: a 0.6 kW and a 2 kW unit. Estrogen concentrations were measured using a GC/MS based analytical method with solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by derivatization using bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide containing 1% trimethylchlorosilane. Both ultrasound power sources show that degradation of estrogens is possible and effective. About 65% removal of total estrogen concentration from wastewater is observed in 120 minutes of reaction time using the 0.6 kW unit; and about 95% removal was observed in 26 minutes using the 2 kW unit in clean water. This paper also presents results on following process variables on estrogen destruction: chemical concentration, power, surface area of sonication tip, fluid pressure and pH.",
	pages = "5171-5183",
	url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wef/wefproc/2005/00002005/00000010/art00008",
	doi = "doi:10.2175/193864705783857315"
}