Developing long-term monitoring of ozone in Estonia: the mandate of the Montreal Protocol
Authors: Roots, O.1; Roose, A.2; Eerme, K.3; Teinemaa, E.1
Source: International Journal of Remote Sensing, Volume 30, Numbers 15-16, 2009 , pp. 4181-4194(14)
Publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd
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Abstract:
This article introduces the Estonian experience and lessons learnt in ozone climatology, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels, the effects of UV radiation on human health, plant growth and corrosion of materials, as well as ground-level ozone quantities in Estonia. The concentrations of ground-level ozone remain within the European Union (EU) limit values except in remote areas. Direct sun total ozone measurements have been performed since 1993, those of the erythemal UV irradiance since 1998 and recording of UV spectra was started in 2004. The aerosol optical properties have been used for modelling the surface UV irradiances. A reconstruction of the erythemal daily doses has been carried out using the daily sums of broadband direct and global irradiance and total ozone data. Estonia is striving to meet not only the phase-out targets of the Montreal Protocol, adopted fully from 1999, but also the more stringent requirements contained in the EU regulations. As a result of the measures taken, the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) decreased from 199 t in 1997 to 0 t in 2002.Document Type: Research article
DOI: 10.1080/01431160902825024
Affiliations: 1: Estonian Environmental Research Centre, Tallinn, Estonia 2: Department of Geography, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia 3: Tartu Observatory, 61602 Toravere, Tartu County, Estonia
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