Endogenous occurrence of some anabolic steroids in swine matrices
Authors: Poelmans, S.1; De Wasch, K.1; Noppe, H.1; Van Hoof, N.1; Van Cruchten, S.2; Le Bizec, B.3; Deceuninck, Y.3; Sterk, S.4; Van Rossum, H. J.4; Hoffman, M. K.5; De Brabander, H. F.1
Source: Food Additives and Contaminants, Volume 22, Number 9, September 2005 , pp. 808-815(8)
Publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd
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Abstract:
Following findings of 17
-19-nortestosterone (150–200µgkg -1 ) in pigs of unspecified gender imported into the European Union, a study to determine steroid and hormone levels in swine from six age/gender categories (uncastrated ‘old' boars, cryptorchids, one intersex, barrows, gilts and sows) was initiated. Indeed, for some hormones there has been a discussion about their being endo- or exogenous. Tissue and urine samples from swine from each of the six categories were obtained in Belgium, France, the Netherlands and the USA. Samples were analysed in three laboratories. Quantitation was obtained for norandrostenedione, 19-nortestosterone and boldenone. The results give a well-documented overview of the status of the presence of these hormones in swine. The data illustrate that uncastrated ‘old' boars produce the highest percentage of ‘positive' matrices, followed by the cryptorchids. Concentrations in the matrices of the barrows and the gilts are lower. Also, sow matrices contain low amounts of nor-steroids. Furthermore, urine samples from an intersex pig contains a higher concentration of nortestosterone than sows and can therefore be suspected for illegal use of these hormones. Veterinarians taking samples in pig farms for the analysis of hormones need to be aware of the presence and concentrations of these substances in the different categories.
Keywords:
Swine;
steroids;
tissue levels;
17-nortestosterone;
norandrostenedione;
17-boldenone
Document Type: Research article
DOI: 10.1080/02652030500197805
Affiliations: 1: Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Research Group of Veterinary Public Health and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Salisburylaan, 133 B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium 2: Department Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan, 133 B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium 3: LABERCA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, BP 50707, F-44087 Nantes Cedex 03, France 4: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Laboratory for Food and Residue analyses (ARO), European Union Community Reference Laboratory (CRL), PO Box 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands 5: Office of Public Health and Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20054, USA
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